Chapter+22+Outline

Review book Chapter 15 (Rachel Garner) =Reconstruction (1863-1877)=

Part A. Reconstruction Plans of Lincoln and Johnson
1. Lincoln's Policies A. Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction (1863) B. Wade- Davis Bill (1864)- 50% voters take oath & only non-Confederates vote for new state Constitution C. Freedmen's Bureau D. Lincoln's Last speech (April 11, 1865) 2. Johnson and Reconstruction A. Johnson's Reconstruction Policy (1865) B. Southern gov. in 11865 C. Black Codes D. Johnson's vetoes following bill: E. Election of 1866
 * 1) South state government controlled by Unionists
 * 2) Full presidential pardons if accept emancipation and allege to Constitution
 * 3) State government reestablished when 10% voters took oath
 * 1) Lincoln vetoes bill
 * 1) welfare agency
 * 2) Oliver O. Howard creates schools/ colleges for blacks
 * 1) north accepts Louisiana as reconstructed state
 * 1) Former Confederate leaders/ Confed. states w/ more than $20,000 in taxable property --> no right to vote/ hold office
 * 1) 11 Confed. states w/ new constitution (didn't allow blacks to vote)
 * 2) Confed. leaders back in Congress
 * 1) prohibits blacks from renting land/ borrowing $ to buy land
 * 2) freedmen in labeled as "vagrants" (prevents black from getting jobs)
 * 3) blacks can't testify against whites in court
 * 1) 1866- increased services & protection by Freedmen's Bureau
 * 2) nullified Black codes Black Codes & gives citizenship/ equal rights to blacks
 * 1) Johnson appeals to racists
 * 2) Republicans win- House of Republicans have 2/3 votes in House of Reps. and Senate

Part B. Congressional Reconstruction
1. 1863- spring 1866 : Lincoln and Johnson --> restore 11 states to office & Congress puts own Reconstruction Plan on South A. Moderates (economy grows) v. radicals (black civil rights, women suffrage, labor union rights) B.Enacting Radical Program --> Congressional Program D. Impeachment of Andrew Jackson (1807) E. Reforms After Grant's Election
 * 1) Civil Rights Act of 1865
 * 2) 14th Amendment (US born= citizen & states respect citizen rights)
 * 3) Appealed to Congress's Reconstruction Plan
 * 4) disqualified Confederate leadersReconstruction Acts of 1876
 * 5) South under military control (south divided into 5 districts)
 * 6) Increased requirements to rejoin Union
 * 1) Tenure of Office Act-president can't remove fedearal leaders
 * 2) Johnson Dismisses Staton--> House of Representives impeaches Johnson
 * 1) Election of 1868 (Republican: Ulysses S. Grant vs. Democrat: Horatio Seymour)
 * 2) 15th Amendment (1869) - States can't deny citizen's right to vote
 * 3) Civil Rights Act of 1875 - equal acommodations in public places & prohibits ocurts from stopping Black jury members

Part C. Reconstruction in the South
A. Composition of the Reconstruction Governments B. Evaluating the Republican Record: C. African Americans Adjusting to Freedom
 * 1) Republican state governmetn in South- white majority in both houses except South Carolina
 * 2) Black Legislators (educated property owners)
 * 1) Accomplishments: universal male sufferage, women property rights, debt relief, promotes roads, bridges, railroads, hospitals, ayslums, & public schools
 * 2) Failures: republicans use advantages to benefit themselves, corruption
 * 1) Black Communities (churches, schools, colleges)
 * 2) Sharecropping- landowners supply for half of the harvest (new form of servitude)

Part D. The North During Reconstruction --> Industrial Revolution
A. Greed and Corruption B. Election of 1872 C. Panic of 1873- Thousands of northern laborers become unemployed and homless
 * 1) Rise of Spoilsmen- Roscoe Conklin, James Blaine
 * 2) Corruption in buisness & government (cheated people of $)
 * 1) Liberal Republicans: Horace Greeley (civil reforms, end of railroads)
 * 2) Grant reelected

Part E. End of Reconstruction (Redeems control of State Governments)
A. White Supremacy & Ku Klux Klan (founded in 1867 by Nathan Bedford Forrest) B. Amnesty Act of 1876- removed restrictions on Confederacy C. Election of 1876 - Republican: Rutherford Hayes vs. Democrat: Samuel Tildes D. Compromise of 1877
 * 1) Force Acts (1870) - stopped violence & protect rights
 * 1) Hayes wins
 * 2) All states but SC, Florida, Lousiana have rights back and no troops
 * 1) Hayes president if he removes federal support for Republicans in South & support building of South transcontinental railroad