Ch.+14+outline

=Chapter 14 outline- Forging the National Economy=

I. The Westward Movement
A. Andrew Jackson 1. 1st pres. from beyond the Applalachian Mts. 2. westward march for Americans B. (1850) Republic and people were young(1/2 of americans were under age of 30) 1. restless & energetic, always moving restless 2. (1840) demographic center crossed the Alleghenies i. eve of Civil War- marched across Ohio River C. Pioneer families 1.poorly fed, ill-clad, bad housing, disease, depression, premature death i. women were secluded = breakdowns and madness ii. men were bored (no wrestling/fun) D. Art/Literature of pioneers 1. often portrayed individualism and seclusion i. Ralph W. Emerson's "Self-reliance" lecture essay ii. James F. Cooper's NattyBumppo portrait iii. Herman Melleville's Capt. Ahab E. Pioneers got help w/ moving 1. neighbors and gov. 2. tried to build internal improvements

II. Shaping the Western Landscape
A. Pioneers exhausted the land 1. left tobacco region of west barren and raingutted 2. burned 15ft cane in kentucky i. left the region w/ European "kentucky" blugrass ii. ideal pasture for livestock B. pressure for civilization 1. (1820) furtrappers set traplines through Rocky Mts. i. "rendezvous system" ii. from St.Louis to Rocky Mts. to trade w/ indians iii. "ecological-imperialism" nearly extinct animals for trade (buffalo, beavers, otters) C. western america's wilderness = nationalism 1. inspired art, literature, and painting D. George Catlin 1. painter/ student of native am. life 2. 1st am. to advocate preservation as a policy i. (1832) he saw Sioux ind. killing buffalo to trade for whiskey in SD ii. creation of nat'l park (Yellowstone Park 1872)

III. The March of the millions
A. the pop. nearly doubled every 25 years B. 13 states turned to 33 1. the US was 4th most populated nation in western world 2. (1790) NY and Philidelphia had pop. of 20k + people. 3. (1860) about 300 places claimed having over 50k people i. NY- metropolis, New Orleans-queen of south, Chicago-hog butcher of the world C. overapid urbanization = bad byproducts 1. made slums, feeble street lighting, sewage, rats, improper garbage disposal i. (1823) boston made new sewer system ii. (1842) NY got rid of wells/cisterns for piped-in water supply = no more diseased mosquitoes D. Increase in population - immagrants 1. (1840) the imm. rate tripled and 10 yrs later quadrupled i. a million and a half irish and germans 2. immigrants came because Europe had no room i. (1800's) Old World pop. doubled ii. 60 mill. left Europe, but 25 mill. went somewhere other than Amer. 3. left for freedom/oppurtunity of caste and state church (secured acres and bettered their conditions) i. Amer. = richer life, low taxes, diff. military system, better meals 4. transoceanic steamships = faster immigration i. large death rate due to infectious disease

IV. The Emerald Isle Moves West
A. in Ireland, rot got to potato crop 1.dependent on potato crop 2. 1/4 irish pop.(about 2 mill.) died of famine/disease 3 fleed Ireland for Am. i. NY became largest irish city in world ii. forced to work in squalor/ crammed into slums iii. scorned by Protestant Bostonians iv. worked on railroads/canals and other odd jobs v. Irish despise blacks 4. Ancient Order of the Hibernians i. secret society founded in ireland to fight landlords ii. "Molly Maguires"- miners' union 3. Irishmen gain power in poice depts./politicians needed ir. votes

V. the German Forty-Eighters
A. (1830-60) Over 1million and 1/2 germans immigrated to amer. 1. most were farmers i. displaced by crop failures/hardship 2. liberal poitical refugees i. collapse of dem. revolutions (1848) ii. fled to amer. for democracy 3. Carl Schirz i. foe slavery/public corruption in Ger. ii. large contribution to Amer. politics 4. Gemanic newcomers i. possessed alot of material goods ii.pushed to mid-west (wisconsin) made farms 5. Ger. made many contribitutions to Amer. i. Conestoga wagon ii. Kentucky rifle iii. Xmas tree 6. In Amer. i. Ger. got better educ. (supported public sch.) ii. art and music iii. Ger. were ANTI-slavery years before Civ. War iv. "compact colonies" to preserve Ger. language/culture v. temperance in alcohol consumption

VI. FlareUps of Anteforeignism
A.