Hagenbach's

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The circus began as the “Carl Hagenbeck Circus” by Karl Hagenbach (1844-1913). Hagenbach was an animal trainer pioneered the use of rewards-based animal training as opposed to fear-based training. Meanwhile, Benjamin Wallace, a livery stable owner from Peru, Indiana, and his business partner, James Anderson, bought a circus in 1884 and created "The Great Wallace Show". Wallace bought out his partner in 1890 and formed the "B. E. Wallace Circus". In 1907, Wallace purchased the Carl Hagenbeck Circus and merged it with his circus. The circus became known as the Hagenbeck-Wallace circus at that time, even though Karl Hagenbach protested. He sued to prohibit the use of his name but lost in court. In 1913, the circus lost 8 elephant s, 21 lion s and tiger s and 8 performing horses in the Wabash River flood. That same year, Wallace sold his interest in the circus to Ed Ballard, who operated the American Circus Company, which included Hagenbeck-Wallace along with the Sells-Floto Circus and the John Robins Circus. One of the worst circus train wrecks in U.S. history occurred just before 4:00 AM on __June 22__, 1918 , when a locomotive engineer fell asleep and ran his empty troop train into the rear of the Hagenbeck-Wallace circus train near Hammond, Indiana. A fire broke out from the kerosene lamp s, which were used for lighting in the sleeper car s of the circus train. The fire quickly spread through the wood-constructed cars. As a result of the collision and subsequent fire, 86 persons died and another 127 were injured. Many victims were burned beyond recognition. Most are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Forest Park, Illinois in a section set aside as Showmen's Rest. In the spirit of "the show must go on," several competing circuses, including Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey, lent equipment and performers to Hagenbeck-Wallace so that only two performances were canceled as a result of the tragedy, the one in Hammond and the next stop in Monroe, Wisconsin. The American Circus Company was sold to John Ringling of Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey in 1929 for $2 million, along with the Al G. Barnes Amusement Co., the Sells-Floto Circus Co., the John Robinson Shows, and the Sparks Circus Co. With that acquisition, Ringling controlled virtually every travelling circus in America. The Great Depression and Ringling's ill health caused the Ringling empire to falter. In 1935, the circus split from Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey and became the Hagenbeck-Wallace and Forepaugh-Sells Bros. Circus. It finally ceased operations in 1938. The building in Peru, Indiana that formerly housed the winter home of Hagenbeck-Wallace now serves as the home of the Circus Hall of Fame. @http://infao5501.ag5.mpi-sb.mpg.de:8080/topx/archive?link=Wikipedia-Lip6-2/2856775.xml&style