Chapter+8-Marissa+Cirillo

Chapter 8: National and Economic Development

1) Era of Good Feelings     a) James Monroe i) Florida             ii) Missouri Compromise iii) Monroe Doctrine     b) Cultural Nationalism c) Economic Nationalism             i) Tariff of 1816 1) supported growth of national economy                     2) first protective tariff in U.S. history ii) Henry Clay's American System                     1) protective tariffs 2) national bank                     3) roads and canals d) The Panic of 1819             i) economic crisis ii) debt            iii) increase in unemployment e) Political Changes            i) Changes in the Republican Party 1) many adopted Federalist ideals; flip-flopped                      2) resulted in formation of new political parties

2) Marshall's Supreme Court and Central Government Powers       a) Fletcher v. Peck (1810) i) over land fraud in Georgia             ii) first time Supreme Court overruled state government deciding law was unconstitutional b) Martin v. Hunter's Lease (1816)             i) established that Supreme Court had jurisdiction over state courts when it came to constitutional rights c) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)             i) change from private to public school ii) was found unconstitutional       d) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) i) stated federal laws superior to state laws       e) Cohens v. Virginia (1821) i) Supreme Court could overrule state courts decisions       f) Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) i) federal government controlled interstate trade

3) Western Settlement and the Missouri Compromise     a) population past Appalachian Mountains doubled b) Reasons for Westward Movement            i) Acquisition of Native American's lands 1) large area open to settlement           ii) Economic pressures 1) escape from war debts and taxes                      2) good land for farming to the west iii) Improved transportation                      1) roads, canals, steamboats, railroads iv) Immigrants                      1) more European immigrants c) New Questions and Issues            i) west split between free or slavery d) The Missouri Compromise            i) Missouri-first part of Louisiana Purchase to ask for statehood ii) Tallmadge amendment                      1) prohibited further slavery in Missouri 2) slaves had to be 25                      3) wasn't amended iii) Clay's proposals                     1) missouri to be a slave state 2) Maine to be a free state                     3) slavery prohibited in rest of Louisiana Purchase iv) Aftermath                    1) sectionalism

4) Foreign Affairs     a) Canada i) Rush-Bagot Agreement, 1817                     1) limited naval forces on the Great Lakes ii) Treaty of 1818                     1) shared fishing rights 2) "joint occupation of the Oregon territory for ten years"                     3) established U.S.-Canada western border b) Florida             i) Jackson's military campaign 1) drove Spanish out of American land in Florida            ii) Florida Purchase Treaty, 1819 1) U.S. got Spanish parts of Florida                      2) Spain got parts of Texas c) The Monroe Doctrine            i) British initiative 1) powerful British navy helped drive out Spanish           ii) American response 1) Monroe wrote doctrine without British help          iii) The doctrine 1) December 2, 1823                      2) Europe had to stay away from Western Hemisphere iv) Impact                      1) Britain was mad that it applied to them too and not just the tother European countries

5) A National Economy     a) Population Growth i) doubled between 1800-1825     b) Transportation i) Roads                      1) Lancaster Turnpike in PA                       2) went across state lines             ii) Canals 1) Erie Canal            iii) Steamboats iv) Railroads                      1) late 1820's     c) Growth of Industry              i) Mechanical inventions 1) Eli Whitney-cotton gin             ii) Corporations for raising capital 1) stocks and shares in companies            iii) Factory system 1) increase in factories ➟ increase in banks and insurance                      2) North benefitted iv) Labor                      1) child labor 2) The Lowell System, 1830's             v) Unions d) Commercial Agriculture             i) Cheap land and easy credit 1) loans with low interest rate            ii) Markets e) Cotton and the South            i) main cash crop in South f) Effects of the Market Revolution            i) Women 1) had more control of their life                        2)still didn't have very many rights ii) Economic and social mobility                       1) increase in economic opportunities 2) big gap between poor and wealthy           iii) Slavery 1) increase in cotton industry ➟ increase in slavery