Chapter+3-Janae+Wiggins

Chapter 3: Colonial Society in the Eighteenth Century Population Growth -    Colonies population was barely 250,000 -    They gained people mostly by immigration -    Also high birth rates of colonial families European Immigrants Africans Largest group -    Africans who were taken captive, were sold as slaves -    Some Africans were granted freedom after five years -    Africans were the majority population in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland -    New Hampshire to Georgia there were laws that gave Africans certain rights and opportunities The Structure of Colonial Society -    Dominance of English culture * English in origin, language, and tradition - Self- government *each colony had a representative that was elected by eligible voters * Rhode Island and Connecticut governors were elected by people -Religious Toleration * Colonies allow people to practice different religions * Massachusetts was least tolerant * Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were liberal - No hereditary aristocracy * Nobles got special privileges The Family - People were marrying at a young age - 90 percent of people lived on farms The Economy Monetary system - English strategy was to limit the use of money - They used gold and silver to pay for imported goods from England Transportation - Water was easier than overland - Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston were located on good harbors and rivers - In 18th century, traveling by horse became common Religion The Great Awakening - 18th century sermons in protestant churches were long Discourses - Great Awakening eager expression of religious feeling among masses of people Two people who gave the long intellectual discourses Cultural Life * Achievement in the Arts and Sciences Education -New England * Puritans learned from the Bible * Massachusetts law in 1647, required fifty families to establish primary school for boys -Middle Colonies * Schools were church sponsored or private -Southern Colonies *Parents gave children education *Plantation had tutors provided instruction for children -Higher Education * Harvard, first colonial college in Massachusetts (1636) * Two other early colleges were William & Mary in Virginia and Yale in Connecticut * The Great Awakening prompted College of New Jersey, King’s College, Rhode Island College, Queen College, and Dartmouth College Professions -Physicians * Colonists who got smallpox and diphtheria were cured by a treatment that made matters worst * The common practice was to suck all the blood that made you sick. They would use leeches and bloodsuckers. * There was no medical training until 1765, when the first college in Philadelphia opened. -Lawyers * They were called the troublemakers *They were barely seen in colonial courts * Lawyers gained respect in 1760 * John Adams, James Otis, and Patrick Henry were three great lawyers The Press - Newspapers * In 1725, five newspapers existed * Each newspaper consisted of a single sheet folded once to make four pages * It contains month-old news, ad for goods and services * First cartoon appeared in the Philadelphia - The Zenger Case * Newspaper printers who offended the political authorities could be thrown in jail * Peter Zenger, a New York editor, wrote a paper on New York’s royal government and got in trouble for it. - Rural Folkways * Farmers worked from daylight to sundown * Farmers season/year was: spring planting, summer growing, fall harvesting, and winter preparation. *Food was prepared in the fireplace or with a candle * Entertainment included card playing and horse racing Structure of Government * Eight royal colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia - Local government *Colonists had their homes in an open space called “green” *Farms and plantations were separated a lot * Town meetings was where people could vote on direct public issues - Voting * Democracy is participation of all the people in the making of governmental policy * People who couldn’t vote was white women, poor white men, slaves of both sex, and most free blacks * Voters were required to own at least a small amount of land
 * ** English  ** ||   || **  Germans  ** ||   || **  Scotch-Irish  ** ||  Other Europeans  ||
 * ** Number of immigrates was really small  ** ||   ||  Settled on farmland west of Philadelphia  ||   ||  Ancestors had moved to Ireland from Scotland  ||  French protestants called Huguenots  ||
 * ||  ||  Maintain their language, customs, and religion  ||   ||  Little respect for English government  ||  Dutch  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  Settled in Pennsylvania, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia  ||  Swedes  ||
 * ** New England ** ||   Middle Colonies   ||   ||  Southern Colonies  ||
 * ** Rocky soil  ** || **  Rich Soil  ** ||   ||  A lot of family farms to large plantations  ||
 * ** Long winters  ** || **  Abundance of wheat and corn  ** ||   ||  Cash crops were mainly tobacco in Chesapeake in North Carolina colonies  ||
 * ** Family members did farm work  ** || **  Indentured servants and hired workers work with farm family  ** ||   ||  Rice and indigo in South Carolina and Georgia  ||
 * ** Puritans profited from logging, shipbuilding, fishing ,trading, and rum-distilling  ** ||   ||   ||  Plantation shortage of indentured servants  ||
 * ** Protestant Dominance  ** ||   || **  Anglicans  ** ||   || **  Congregationalists  ** ||
 * ** 17th century, government taxed people for support  ** ||   ||  Members were farmers and merchants who lived in New York.  ||   ||  Members were found in New England  ||
 * ** Churches who got money through taxes were called establish churches  ** ||   ||  Plantation owners lived in Virginia and the Carolinas  ||   ||  Protestant critics thought the ministers of the church were domineering  ||
 * ** Establish church were: Church of England and Congregational Church  ** ||   ||  Church of England was ruled by the king  ||   ||   ||
 * ** Architecture  ** ||||  Painting  ||||  Literature  ||   ||||  Science  ||
 * ** Brick and stucco homes built  ** ||  Most painters wander from countryside in search of families who wanted their portraits painted  ||||  Author wrote about serious subjects  ||||   ||  John Bartram of Philadelphia were self taught  || ||
 * ** Georgian style was imitated in London  ** ||  Benjamin West and John Copley were two American painters  ||||  Two authors are Cotton Mather and Jonathan E.  ||||   ||  Benjamin Franklin works with electricity  || ||
 * ** Frontier, where one room log cabins  ** ||   ||||   ||||   ||  Benjamin developed the bifocal eyeglasses  || ||