Chapter+29-Nick+Cartron

= = Nick Cartron James APUSH 2 RB-29 Outlines

Limits of a Superpower, 1969-1980

I. Richard Nixon’s foreign Policy A. Vietnam i. “Vietnamization.” Gradually withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam The Nixon Doctrine Asian allies would receive U.S. support but without  extensive use of U.S. ground forces. ii. Opposition to Nixon’s war policies U.S. Senate repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution iii. Peace talks, bombing attacks, and armistice Kissinger: “peace is at hand.” Nixon orders bombing on North Vietnam The Paris Accords of January 1973 Promised a cease-fire and free elections B. Détente with China and the Soviet Union i. Visit to China Led to U.S. recognition of the Communist government ii. Arms control with the U.S.S.R. Reduced Cold War tensions for Soviets II. Nixon’s Domestic Policy A. The New Federalism Congress approved block grants to address local needs The Family Assistance Plan A reform of the welfare system B. Nixon’s Economic Policies 90-day wages and price freeze Nixon took the dollar off the gold standard 10% surtax on all imports C. Southern Strategy Nixon tried to appeal to voters disaffected by: Antiwar protests Black militants School busing to achieve racial balance Youth counterculture D. The Burger Court Nixon replaced liberal justices with conservatives III. Watergate A. White House Abuses Nixon Administration breaks in Watergate complex Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) Nixon bugs government employees and his “enemies list” B. Watergate Investigation No solid proof leading to Nixon Oval Office tapes discovered C. Other Developments in 1973 i. War Powers Act President must report to Congress within 48 hours of military  action ii. October war and oil embargo Six-Day War of 1967 Calvert County battles it out at Bowens Coorporation Arabs set oil embargo on Israel’s supporters D. Resignation of a President i. Articles of impeachment: Obstruction of justice Abuse of power Contempt of Congress ii. Significance Proved checks and balances worked Growing loss of faith in federal government IV. Gerald Ford in the White House A. Pardoning of Nixon Ford grants unconditional pardon for Nixon B. Investigating the CIA Accused of organized assassinations George H. Bush appointed to reform CIA C. Failure of U.S. Policy in Southeast Asia i. Fall of Saigon Vietnam becomes Communist ii. Genocide in Cambodia iii. Future of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia doesn’t fall to communism D. The Economy and Domestic Policy i. Bicentennial celebration Renewed America’s pride after Watergate and Vietnam E. The Election of 1976 i. Emergence of Jimmy Carter Ran as an outsider of corruption in Washington V. Jimmy Carter’s Presidency A. Foreign Policy i. Human rights diplomacy U.S. cuts off aid to countries violating human rights ii. Panama Canal Gradually transferred control of the Panama Canal to Panama iii. Camp David Accords (1978) Peace settlement between Egypt and Israel iv. Iran and the hostage crisis Islamic fundamentalists overthrew the shah Cut off oil to the U.S. Took U.S. embassy and held 50 Americans hostage v. Cold War SALT II limited the size of a superpower’s nuclear system Never ratified by the Senate Soviet troops invade Afghanistan Carter reacts: Places embargo on grain exports to Soviets Places embargo on the sale of high technology to Soviets Boycotts the 1980 Olympics in Moscow B. Domestic Policy: Dealing With Inflation i. Troubled economy Inflation Hurt Automobile and building industries Higher tax brackets C. Loss of Popularity Failed Iranian Hostage Crisis Poor economy 23% approval rating VI. American Society in Transition A. Growth of Immigration i. Illegal immigrants Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 Penalized employers for hiring illegal immigrants Granted amnesty to illegal immigrants arriving by 1982 B. Demands for Minority Rights ii. Hispanic Americans United Farm Workers Organization Collective bargaining Largest minority group in U.S. iii. Native American movement Indian Self-Determination Act Gave reservation lands greater control over internal programs, education, and law enforcement Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act Improving reservation education //Dances With Wolves// Sympathy for Native Americans iv. Gay liberation movement Homosexuality dropped as mental illness C. The Environmental Movement i. Protective legislation Clean Air Act Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act

__Top Ten List:__ 1. Watergate scandal creates growing loss of faith in federal government 2. Détente with China and the Soviet Union led to U.S. recognition of the Communist government. 3. Nixon Doctrine: Asian allies would receive U.S. support but without extensive use of U.S. ground forces. 4. Ford grants unconditional pardon for Nixon, America moves on. 5. Bicentennial celebration renewed America’s pride after Watergate and Vietnam. 6. Fall of Saigon where Vietnam becomes Communist. 7. SALT II never ratified, Soviets invade Afghanistan. 8. Nixon’s domestic policy approved block grants to address local needs 9. Immigration Reform and Control Act penalized employers for hiring illegal immigrants 10. Family Assistance Plan leads to a reform of the welfare system