Chapter+12+outline+P3

__Chapter 12 - the Second War for Independance and the Upsurge of Nationalism__


 * On to Canada Over Land and Lakes**
 * 1) on the eve of the war of 1812, amer. army was :
 * 2) badly trainedd
 * 3) ill- diciplined
 * 4) widely scattered
 * 5) Canada= imp. battleground for war 1812
 * 6) amer. couldve took over & dominated war if had captured Montreal [center of transp]
 * 7) instead, 3 prong invasion from Niagra, Detroit, Lake Champlain
 * 8) Brit and Canada energetic in war
 * 9) captured Amer. fort
 * 10) good defensive strategy
 * 11) Amer. navy performed better than even Brit.
 * 12) took over great lakes- beat redcoats
 * 13) Amer. Thomas MacDonough saved NY from Brit. in navy battle
 * 14) saved NE from further disaffection
 * 15) saved union from possible dissoluton
 * 16) affected negotioations of anglo amer. peace treaty-Euro.
 * Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended**
 * 1) 1814, Brit entered Wash. set fire to White house, Captiol, other gov build
 * 2) Brit aimed for New Orleans w/8000 soldiers
 * 3) Andrew Jackson beat and killed 2,000 Brit. solders-most devastating defeat in war
 * 4) Treaty of ghent was signed 2 weeks befor to end war- no one cared b/c so happy
 * 5) =more nationalism
 * 6) Brit retaliated w/ stationing Navy on the Amr. coast
 * 7) crippled Amer. economy and fishing- Treasry=Bankrupt
 * The Treaty of Ghent**
 * 1) 1814 Ghent, Belgium, treaty signed for Brit & Amer. to stop fighting [prposed by Tsar Aexander I]
 * 2) no one gained or lost land
 * Federalists Grievances and the Hartford convention**
 * 1) NE prospered from war of 1812
 * 2) trade with canada
 * 3) no brit. blockade until 1814
 * 4) small minority spoke of seccesion
 * 5) Hartford convention 1814
 * 6) delegates from Mass, RI, Connect, NH,Vermont met to siscuss grievances and seek redress for their wrongs
 * 7) demanded financial assistance frm Wash.
 * 8) proposed ammend to constit requiring 2/3 vote for congress before embargo is imposed, new states admitted or declare war
 * 9) wanted to abolish 3/5 clause not have successive pres. from same state(VA dynasty)
 * 10) federalists caused disunity and lots of talk of seccession in NE even more than south
 * The 2nd War for Independance**
 * 1) 1812 Napolean invaded Russia w.500,000 - then Madison invaded Canadaw.5000
 * 2) Rep. showed it would resist all grievous wrongs
 * 3) Naval officers Perry, Macdounough = effective negotiotors w/ eloquent diplimatic lang.
 * 4) amer's emmisiaries treated with less scorn abroad
 * 5) in a diplomatic, if not militarial sense, war could be 2nd war for independance
 * 6) war revealed Sectionalism [NE federalsits]
 * 7) indian-fighters Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison = war heroes
 * 8) indians reluctantly gave up vast areas of land north of Ohio R.
 * 9) under brit. blockade, manufacturing=much better, less dependant on Euro.
 * 10) 1817 Rush-Bagot agrrement btw Brit and US limited naval armament on lakes
 * 11) better relations=5,527 mile boundary btw Canada
 * 12) Napolean final defeat in Waterloo 1815, Euro=peace of exhaustion
 * Nascent Nationalism**
 * 1) Biggest effect of war 1812 is Nationalism
 * 2) although not fought as one country, emerged as one
 * 3) Effect on literature
 * 4) textbooks now written by amer. for americans
 * 5) highly intelecctual magazine -The North American Review- was published 1815
 * 6) Amer painters celebrated native landscapes in paintings
 * 7) Effect on Finance
 * 8) 1816 revived Bank of Congress was voted
 * 9) Larger capital rose from Washington
 * 10) army expanded to 10,000 men
 * 11) navy succeeded in beating pirates of North Africa
 * "The American System"**
 * 1) Nationalism= Amer. took pride in manufact. businesses
 * 2) Brit, seemed to try to crush Amer. factories in the marketplace
 * 3) dumped contents of bulging warehouses on US, cut price below cost
 * 4) Congress passed Tariffof 1816 for protection-NOT revenue [20 to 25% of value of imports]
 * 5) War Hawk Henry Clay's nationalism created "American System"
 * 6) Strong Banking system [easy and abundance credit]
 * 7) Protective Tariff [eastern manufac. would flourish]
 * 8) Network of roads and canals esp. in Ohio Valley [food, raw materials could flow all over country]
 * 9) Congress voted 1817 to distrib. 1.5 million to states to improve transp.
 * 10) Madison vetoed as unconstituitional
 * 11) NE opposed rederally constructed roads/canals b/c would further drain away population and create competing states
 * So called Era of Good Feelings**
 * 1) James Monroe nominateed by Republicans for pres. 1816 [VA dynasty]
 * 2) Fading Federalists ran a candidate for last time ever. was crushed by Monroe 183 elect. votes to 34
 * 3) Federaslists were dying and leaving the field to Republicans and one party-rule
 * 4) Monroe=experienced, level-headed executive
 * 5) toured to inspect military, was welcomed even in Feder. NE [enemy country] called the Era of Good Feelings
 * 6) Era was misleading- tariff, te bank,internal i mprov, sale of public land were being contested
 * 7) sectionalism was crystalizing, conflict over slavery
 * The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times**
 * 1) 1819 paralyzing economic panic [1st since Washington took office]
 * 2) deflation
 * 3) depression
 * 4) bankruptcy
 * 5) unempolyment
 * 6) overcrowded debtor's prisons
 * 7) West was hard hit
 * 8) Bank of US forced western banks to the wall, foreclosed mortgages on western farms
 * 9) Poorer classes had lots of troubles
 * 10) inhumanity of imprisoning debtors- mother was torn from baby for owing a dollar
 * 11) agitation towards imprisonment for debt bore fruit in remedial legisl. in many states
 * Growing Pains of the West**
 * 1) 9 western states joined btw 1791-1819 alternatly free or slave
 * 2) cheap land, fresh non exhausted land attracted Europ. immigrants
 * 3) Crushing of indians by Jackson and Harrison opened up vast tracts of land
 * 4) biulding of highways improved land routes to Ohio Valley
 * 5) Cumberland Road [ran from MD to IL opened in 1811]
 * 6) 1st use of steamboat in western waters in 1811=new era of upstream nav.
 * 7) Weak in population and influence -allied itself with other sections
 * 8) demanded cheap acreage - Land Act of 1820 [buyer to purchase 80 acres at min. $1.25 per acre in cash]
 * 9) demanded cheap transpotation
 * 10) demanded cheap money issued by their own "wildcat" banks- fought bank of US to get it
 * Slavery and the Sectional Balance**
 * 1) demanded cheap money issued by their own "wildcat" banks- fought bank of US to get it
 * Slavery and the Sectional Balance**

1.Disagrrement between North and South

1.Missouri= admissions as slave state 2. Tallmadge Ammendment- no ore slaves brought in 1. emancipation of children born to slaves there 2.Southerners saw ammend. as threat to sectional balance 1. North was becoming more wealthy & settled 3.11 states free & 11 slave
 * The Uneasy Missouri Compromise**

1. Henry Clay compromised

1. Missouri as slave state 2. Maine admitted into North as a separate state-free 3. no more slaves in remaining territories aside from Missouri 2 Monroe reelected (1820)
 * John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism**

1 John Marshall- Chief Justice of Supreme Court

1. bolstered power of fed. gov. @ expense of states 2. Meculloch vs. MD trial (1819)

1.denied MD right to tax bank 2.not state right 3.had loose construction policy w/ Constitution 4. Case of Cohens vs. VA (1821)

1. Marshall said right of Supreme Court to review state decisions in questions involving fed. gov. 5. Gibbons vs. Ogden Case (1824)

1. NY tried to monopolize water commerce to private people 2. Marshall said Congress alone controlled interstate commerce 3.Marchall Weakened states rights, powered fed. gov.
 * Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses**

1. Fletcher vs. Peck case (1810)

1. Georgia legislature granted 35 mil. acres in Yazoo River country b/c of bribes 2. Marshall & Supreme Court said it was contract & state had no right to stop it 2. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819)

1. Dartmouth had charter from King 2. New Hampshire didnt agree and wanted to change it 3. Marshall said Constitution protected contracts, couldnt do anything about it 3. Daniel Webster known as "Expounding Father"
 * Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida**

1. Nationalistic pres monroe teamed with Sec Quincy Adams for foreign policy

2. Monroe administration negotioatred Treaty of 1818 w. Britain 3. let Americans to share fisheries w/ Canadian cousins 4. fixed northern limits of Louisiana to 49th parallel from Lake of the Wood to Rocky MT 2. amer. wanted Spanish florida

1. US already had west FL 2. problems in South Amer. caused Spain to take troops from Florida leavng undefended 3. Andrew Jackson w/ troops to FL to punish Indians & slaves (1818)

1.seized St. Marks & Pensacola 2.all members of Monro's cabinet against but Quincy Adams 4. Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819

1.. Spain gave FL & Oregon for Texas [ now mex]
 * The Menace of Monarchy in America**

1. European leaders banded together to save world from democracy after Napolean

1. stopped rebellions in Italy (1821) & Spain (1823) 2. were going to resotre Spanish king to land 3. Amer. scared same would happen to them 2. George Canning [brit sec] asked US to join w/ Britain to claim latin amer. land
 * Monroe and His Doctrine**

1.Secretary Adams knew Brit was up to something and didnt trust 2. Monroe Doctrine (1823)- Adams announced to Euro.

1. noncolonization 2. nonintervention
 * Monroe's Doctrine Appraised**

1. Doctrine angered Europ powers 2.Had not too much effect on Americans- forgot about it 3. Russo- Amerian Treaty of 1824 1. gized limits for Russain land 4. Doctrine symbolized nationalism that was a prod of war of 1812 1.voice to patriotism, gave illusion of isolationism