March+9th

__** Pegs ** Political:__ 1. In the election of 1924, the republican candidate, Calvin Coolidge, triumphed over the democrat candidate, John W. Davis, and the progressive party candidate, Robert La Follette. 2. The prevailing idea of the republican party was that the nation would benefit if business and the pursuit of profits took the lead in developing the economy. 3. The regulatory commissions established in the Progressive era were now administered by appointees who were more sympathetic to business than to the general public 4. Scopes v. Bryan- Court case over seperation of church and state- teaching religon (or "anti-religon") in public schools 5.United Negro Improvement Association- __Economic:__ 1. In the 1920's real income for the middle class and working class increased substantially. 2. As many as 40% of US families in both rural and urban areas had incomes in the poverty range, struggling to live on less than $1,500 a year. 3.Fordney-McCumber Tariff increased the duties on foreign manufactured goods by 25%. 4.The U.S. was a debtor nation during WWI 5.Dawes Compromise. __Geographic:__ 1. Hoover won the election of 1928 in a landslide, and, surprisingly, took a large number of electoral votes in the south. 2. The Harlem Renaissance began in the 1930's in Harlem New York 3. Tennessee was one of several sourthen states which made it illegal to teach Darwin's theory 4.The oil reserves in the Middle East were now recognized as a major source of potential wealth. 5.U.S. troops remained in Nicaragua and Haiti but were removed form the Dominican Republic in 1924. __Social:__ 1. Warren Harding was handsome and well-liked among the Republican political cronies. 2. High School and college youth expressed their rebellion against their elders' culture by dancing to Jazz music, brought north by African American musicians 3. Consumerism was rampant; Electricity in homes enabled millions of American s to purchase the new consumer appliances of the decade. 4. The entertainment industry was revolutionized. Previously, the only medium of mass communication and entertainment was the newspaper. The 1920s, the main sourse of news and entertainment was the radio. The movie industry became a big business with the introduction of talking pictures 5. There was a complete Revolution in morals. The most significant change being their revolt against sexual taboos. The writings of Sigmund Freud-that stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness influenced many. Many took to premarital sex as one of the inventions of the modern age.
 * __Mnemonic__**

R eligious division among protestants in society between the traditional fundamentalist values of the rural areas and modernizing forces of the cities E ntertainment industry revolutionized by the radio, the movie industry, and jazz P oets and musicians in the Harlem Renaissance celebrated and remembered African American heritage U nited Negro Improvement Association, Marcus Garvey, 3 parts- organisation for black separatism, economic self-sufficiency and back-to-Africa movement B ootlegging became an organized crime, gangs depended on it for income, allowed them to expand to other crimes L iterature of Alienation: writers referred to as "the lost generation" were disillusioned by the postwar decade (Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, TS Eliot, Eugene O'Niel) [aka it was an era of freaking amazing writing in the US] I ncreased productivity caused by perfected system by Henry Ford of assembly lines C oolidge cut spending to the bone while in office, including vetoing acts of the the Republican majority in congress. A ssembly lines made manufacturing more efficient, and improved the methods of mass production. N ew culture under the Jazz Age, due to a predominantly urban population in the US
 * __Chronology__**

1.1919 - Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition): 18th amendment is passed by congress which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, including liquors, wines, and beers. 2.1919-1920 - "Red Scare": This was when the anti-German hysteria of the war years turned suddenly into an anti-Communist hysteria known as the red scare. 3.1921- Emergency Quota Act of 1921: Only 3% of immigrants from specific nationality allowed into US; based on 1910 census. 4.1925 - Scopes Trial: Tennessee biology teacher John Scopes arrested for teaching theory of evolution, which was illegal. Tried and convicted, but conviction was overturned. 5.1927 - Sacco and Vanzetti executed: 2 Italian immigrants accused of committing robbery and murder.