Chapter+3-Bryant+Obrien

BRYANT O'BRIEN PD. 1

** Colonial Society in the Eighteenth Century ** ** Chapter Three Outline ** ** United States **** History: Preparing for the AP Exam ** 1) Population Growth a) Population rose from 250,000 to 2,500,000 b) European Immigrants i) English came to America from England still ii) Germans migrated to Penn.; kept their customs and language iii) Scotch-Irish; Moved there against will; forced by British gov.  c) Africans  i) Africans were taken captive; discrimination, unjust laws 2) Structure of Colonial Society a) Characteristics of Society i) English dominated religion, language, and culture ii) Representative assemblies for governments iii) Religious toleration; Mass. – least tolerant, R.I. and Penn – most tolerant iv) No leaders were passed on from one generation to next v) All of society could improve social status; except African Americans b) The Social and Economic Center of the Family i) Men did work, and mostly owned land; dominated politics, power over wife ii) Household work; eight children; worked along side men, limited rights 3) The Economy a) New England i) Industrial; logging, shipbuilding, fishing, trade, and rum-distilling, small farms b) Middle Colonies i) Rich soil, agriculture; large farms of wheat and corn; IRON making c) Southern Colonies i) Dependence on slaves, plantations; tobacco, indigo, and rice = $; timber d) Monetary System i) Gold and silver for imports; paper money, risk of inflation, domestic trade e) Transportation i) Water transportation utilized; harbors close cities, horse and stage; tavern news 4) Religion a) Protestant Dominance i) Established churches funded by tax; eventually ended after religious diversity ii) Anglicans no bishop, slowed development; Congregationalists,NE region, complex b) The Great Awakening i) John Edwards- influential writer, preached frightening sermons ii) George Whitefield- Influential speaker, spoke to 80% of colonists iii) Sermons became emotional; united sinners iv) Colonists felt less dependent on ministers and other forms of authority 5) Cultural Life a) Achievements in Arts and Science i) Architecture, brick and stucco homes; symmetric in design ii) Painting; Artists wandered looking for work; Copley and West much training iii) Literature; Mainly religion and politics; Ben Franklin, most successful iv) Science; Franklin’s electric developments, bifocal eyeglasses, and stove = fame b) Education i) New England- tax supported schools, religion, and grammar ii) Middle Colonies- Church sponsored/ private; Teachers live w/ fam. iii) Southern; tutors for plantation owners, parents taught children iv) Harvard and Yale, high scholarly education, Great Awakening made more colleges c) Professions i) Physicians- Little training; involved leeches as cure, 1765 first medical college ii) Lawyers- Argue cases; gained respect; John Adams helped lead to Revolution d) The Press i) Newspapers became more popular; issued weekly, Ben Franklin ii) John Zenger, post criticizing statement of governor and got away, more courage e) Rural Folkways i) Little reading, long work days and seasons, cards, horse racing, theater-going f) Emergence of a National Character in Americans establishing a name for themselves 6) Politics a) Structure of Government i) Lower assembly votes on taxes; elected representatives; upper house king selects ii) Town meetings were held; vote for public issues b) Voting i) Only landowning white males could vote, religious restrictions removed ii) Democratic processes that were unusual for its time