Chapter+9+Outlines+P7

__The Confederation and the Constitution (1776-1790)__**
 * Chapter 9

A. The Pursuit of Equality 1. Equality was a big issue 2. Anglican Church was humbled 3. Struggle for split of religion and government 4. Philadelphia Quakers found first anti-slavery society 5. Abolition of slave trade – Continental Congress 1774; no states below Pennsylvania abolished slaves 6. African Americans had no rights 7. Women were still unequal – republican motherhood

B. Constitution Making in the States 1. Continental Congress of 1776 called for colonies to draft new constitutions 2. Wanted bill of rights for protection of the peoples natural born rights some support for the ratifying of the Constitution comes from the promise of a Bill of Rights

C. Economic Crosscurrents 1. No importation of good from Britain 2. Taxes were distasteful

D. A shake Start Toward Union 1. America needed to create a new government but people weren’t united 2. American industry was hurt by cheap British goods 3. 13 colonies all functioned under similar constitutions

E. Creating a Confederation 1. New committee drafted new constitution – Articles of Confederation (adopted in 1777) 2. Articles not accepted by all colonies until 1781

F. The Articles of Confederation: America’s First Constitution 1. Weak congress; loose confederation 2. States had a lot of power 3. Attempted a New Congress but failed 4. Articles = landmark in government; outlined powers of central government

G. Landmarks in Land Laws 1. Money from the Land Ordinance of 1785 was used to help pay off national debt 2. A territory with 60,000 people could be admitted as a state

H. The World’s Ugly Duckling 1. Britain refused to take back the Navigation Laws; closed trade between West Indies and United States 2. France wanted debt payment from America; restricted trade 3. Weak America

I. The Horrid Specter of Anarchy 1. States refused to pay taxes 2. Boundary battles started to occur 3. Shays’s Rebellion in western Massachusetts (1786) attacked tax collectors

J. A Convention of “Demigods” 1. Constitutional Convention – revised Articles only in 5 states

K. Patriots in Philadelphia 1. Delegates wanted to preserve union and protect democracy; thought that this could control a rebellious nation

L. Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises 1. Eliminated Articles of Confederation and started from scratch on a new Constitution 2. “Small-state plan” lead to the “Great Compromise” – 2 houses in Congress 3. The constitution was a bundle of compromises

M. Safeguards for Conservatism 1. Constitutional Convention favored a three-branch government with checks and balances 2. Government power was limited; virtue of the people was to be the guarantor of liberty

N. The Clash of Federalists and Anti-federalists 1. National acceptance of the Constitution was a challenge 2. Federalists (wealthier, more educated, better organized, more powerful) favored a strong government 3. Anti-federalists favored more power to the people; didn’t like the Constitution

O. The Great Debate in the States 1. Candidate elections were held for the members of the conventions 2. The Constitution was quickly accepted by very few states at first 3. some support for the ratifying of the Constitution came from the promise of a Bill of Rights

P. The Four Laggard States 1. Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island were “the four laggard states”

Q. A Conservative Triumph 1. Minority triumphed peacefully – twice 2. Conservatives and Radicals championed the heritage of republican revolution