Chapter+10+Outlines+P7

Growing Pains - In 1789, the new U.S. Constitution was launched, and the population was doubling every 20 years - In the twelve years after American independence, laws had been broken and a constitution had been completely scrapped and replaced with a new one - America was also heavily in debt, and paper money was worthless - world doubted america

Washington for President - George washington elected for president - was widely praised - Washington Establushed advisors - Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson - Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of War: Henry Knox

The Bill of Rights - People critisized the constituion - adopted the Bill of Rights in 1791. - The Judiciary Act of 1789 created effective federal courts

Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit - Born in the British West Indies, Alexander Hamilton wasnt trusted - The "Funding at Par" would gain the support of the rich to the federal government, not to the states.

Customs Duties and Excise Taxes. - national debt at a huge $75 million - Hamilton thought that the more people the government owed money to, the more people would care about what would happen to the U.S. as a whole nation - passed taxes - Hamilton also wanted to protect America’s infant industries, the U.S. was still mainly agricultural programs.

Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank 1. Hamilton proposed a national treasury, to be a private institution modeled after the Bank of England, to have the federal government as a major stockholder, to circulate cash to stimulate businesses, to store excess money, and to print money that was worth something. This was opposed by Jefferson as being unconstitutional (he thought it jus made the rich richer)

Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania - 1794, in western Pennsylvania, the Whiskey Rebellion flared up when fed-up farmers revolted against Hamilton’s excise tax. - Liqor was sometimes used as money - They cried "taxation without representation" since many were from Tennessee and Kentucky which were not yet states and had no one in Congress. - Washington sent a massive army to show that america wouldnt stand for a revolt like that

The Emergence of Political Parties - Hamilton and Jefferson gradually evolved into two political parties - The Founding Fathers had not envisioned various political parties

The Impact of the French Revolution - The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and the Hamiltonian Federalists. - The French Revolution greatly affected America. - It was just like america - America was sucked into the revolution when France declared war on Great Britain

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation - Washington knew that war could affect america greatly - In 1793, he issued the Neutrality Proclamation, saying we should stay out of foregn affairs

Embroilments with Britain - Supplied indians with weapons - British commanders of the Royal Navy seized about 300 American merchant ships and took them to serve in their army

Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell - to avoid war, Washington sent John Jay to England to work something out - it didnt work out and britain took advantage and asked for a lot - Spain gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi

John Adams Becomes President - Hamilton was the going to become the next president, but his financial plan had made him very unpopular. - Jefferson became president

Unofficial Fighting with France - France was furious about the Jay’s Treaty, so they started capturing defenselss american ships - people wanted to go to war with france but adams didnt - undeclared war mostly happend in the seas raged for two and a half years, where American ships captured over 80 armed French ships.

Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party - Talleyrand, knowing that war with the U.S. would add another enemy to France, said that if another envoy was sent to France, that it would be received with respect - because adams didnt go to war americans didnt like him as much but he still did the right thing because going into a war as a weak country woudlnt be good

The Federalist Witch Hunt - the Alien Laws raised the residence requirements for aliens who wanted to become citizens from five to fourteen years - a law that violated the traditional American policy of open-door hospitality and speedy assimilation

The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions - Resentful Jeffersonians would not take these laws without retaliation, and Jefferson were worried since the federalist got rid of freedom of press that they would get rid of more - "compact theory" which meant that the small states would pass laws in congrss - Madison and Jefferson didnt want secession, but they did want an end to Federalist abuses.

Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans - Most Federalists were the old Federalists from before the Constitution - they wanted a strong government ruled by aristocrats - Most people were the merchants, manufacturers, and shippers - Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson - common people liked him - They wanted rule by informed classes and a weaker central government that would preserve the sovereignty of the states