Chapter+20-Megan+Myers

1.) Seward, Alaska and the French in Mexico a.)French in Mexico i.) Secretary of State, Seward made French (Napoleon III) leave Mexico under Monroe Doctrine b.) Purchase of Alaska i.) Seward purchased for only $7.2 million from Russia before oil was found there 2.) "New Imperialism" a.) International Darwinism i.) expanionists in U.S. wanted overseas imperialism ii.) Protestant Americans had obligation to help other countries iii.) Republican party wanted overseas markets iv.) strong navy was crucial to overseas dominance v.) press printed crazy stories of exotic places, incresed U.S. public interest in world affairs b.) Latin America i.) Blaine and Pan-American Conference(1889), first established relationship with Latin America ii.) border dispute between Britain colony and Venezuela improved Britain-U.S. relations 3.)Spanish-American War a.) causes or war: i.) Cuban revolt against Spanish rule ii.) "yellow press" printed false atrocities of Spainish iii.) De Lome Letter from Spainish, seemed like an insult to the U.S. iv.) U.S. battleship, Maine, exploded in Cuba caused suspicion v.) public called for war, President asked Congress vi.) Teller Amendment, U.S. goes to war with Spain but has no intention of ruling Cuba b.) fighting the war i.) U.S. easily took Philippines ii.) invading Cuba was harder, major victory at San Juan Hill and also destroyed Spainish fleet at Santiago Bay, winning war c.) Annexation of Hawaii i.) annexed to support navy, and was settled easily by Americans d.) Controversy over the Treaty of Paris i.) U.S.. annexed Phillipines, anti-imperialists said U.S. couldn't control nation of a different race and culture e.) other results of the war i.) insular court cases ruled that Phillipines and Puerto Rico did not have U.S. rights unless decided so by Congress ii.) Cuba had to agree to Platt Amendment: -couldn't sign treaty with other nation that impaired its independence -not build up excessive public debt -U.S. could intervene in affairs -U.S. could keep naval bases(Guantanamo Bay) iii.) McKinley won election of 1900 against Democrat Bryan, Americans saw Phillipines as a gain iv.) war brought North and South together again, Europe saw U.S. as a world power 4.) Open Door Policy in China a.) Major powers in Europe/Asia had spheres of influence in China b.) China developed nationalism and xenaphobia(fear of foreigners), secret society developed(Boxers), U.S. troops went in and crushed the Boxer Rebellion in China c.) President Hayes wrote in his notes that he wanted to protect Chinese integrity and trade 5.) Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy a.) Panama Canal i.) U.S. helped Panama revolt to gain long term access to canal zone ii.) Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with Britain cancelled earlier treaty and did not need Britain to build canal iii.) Diseases slowed builing of canal, paid $25 million to Colombia for loss of Panama thanks to U.S. b,) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine i.) said that U.S. would intervene in Latin America when neccessay, U.S. would collect debts for European nations instead of Europe intervening c.) East Asia i.) U.S. conference ended Russo-Japanese War, Japanese unhappy with outcome ii.) "Gentlemen's Agreement", California got rid of Japanese- segregated schools, Japanese government restricted Japanese immigration to U.S. iii.) Roosevelt sent navy on cruise around world, known as Great White Fleet, to show off power iv.) Root-Takahira Agreement, mutual Pacific possesion respect, both support Open Door Policy to China d.) Peace efforts i.) Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy was meant to keep peace 6.) William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy a.) Dollar Diplomacy in East Asia and Latin America i.) U.S. bankers were involved in building railroads in China, Japan-Russia privately still controlled spheres of influence in China ii.) U.S. sent troops, to protect investment, to Nicaragua b.) Lodge Corollary i.) said non-European countries did not apply to Monroe Doctrine, Taft opposed, offended Japan and Latin America 7.) Woodrow Wilson and Moral Diplomacy a.) Moral Diplomacy, respect other nations and spread democracy i.) "fixed" Philippine mistake, gave them voting and rights ii.) citizenship to Puerto Rico iii.) U.S. now had to pay toll at Panama Canal iv.) made concillation treaties, country had to go to international committee during conflict, and then allow 1 year cooling off period b.) Military intervention in Latin America i.) increased intervention contrary to his anticolonialism c.) Conflict in Mexico i.) U.S. conflict with military dictator, General Huerta solved through joint mediation with Argentina, Brazil, and Chile ii.) Revolutionary Pancho Villa was pursued by U.S. troops into Mexico but failed and had to withdraw