Chapter+15+Outlines


 * Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture**

> a.) Deism >> i.) Rejected original sin >> ii.) Denied Christ’s divinity >> iii.) Believed in Supreme Being > b.) Unitarians >> i.) God exists in one person >> ii.) Free will >> iii.) Good nature instead of vileness > c.) Second Great Awakening >> i.) Camp Meetings >>> (1.) 25,000 people > d.) Methodists/Baptists >> i.) Personal conversion >> ii.) Democratic control > e.) Church feminization >> i.) Women convert families
 * 1.) Reviving Religion**

> a.) Millerites >> i.) William Miller >> ii.) Christ returned 10/22/1844 >> iii.) Failure of return >> iv.) destruction of movement > b.) Classes/Regions >> i.) Wealthier, better-educated (East, North) >>> (1.) Episcopalians >>> (2.) Presbyterians >>> (3.) Congragationalists >>> (4.) Unitarians >> ii.) Pooer, less educated (South, West) >>> (1.) Methodists >>> (2.) Baptists
 * 2.) Denominational Diversity**

> a.) Mormons >> i.) Joseph Smith >> ii.) Golden plates=Book of Mormon > b.) Persecution of Mormons >> i.) Accusations of polygamy >> ii.) Mormons drilling militia > c.) Utah Territory >> i.) Mormons led by Brigham Young >> ii.) Irrigation methods=prosperous Utah > d.) Federal invasion >> i.) Settled w/o bloodshed >>> (1.) Anti-polygamy laws >> ii.) Delayed statehood b/c polygamy >>> (2.) Granted statehood 1896
 * 3.) A Desert Zion in Utah**

> a.) Taxation for education >> i.) Supported by wealthy >> ii.) Insurance for stable democracy > b.) Ignorant teachers >> i.) Focus on “lickin’” > c.) Horace Mann >> i.) Secretary of MA Board of Ed. >> ii.) Longer school terms >> iii.) Better schoolhouses >> iv.) Higher teacher pay >> v.) Extended cirriculum > d.) Noah Webster >> i.) “Reading lessons” >> ii.) Standardized American language (dictionary)
 * 4.) Free Schools for a Free People**

> a.) State-supported Universities >> i.) Started in NC >> ii.) University of VA (1819) > b.) Women’s higher education >> i.) Frowned on as frivolous >>> (1.) Learning injured feminine brain >>> (2.) Made women unfit for marriage > c.) Women’s colleges >> i.) Emma Willard >>> (1.) Established Troy Female Semiary >> ii.) Oberlin College >>> (1.) Women/Men college >>> (2.) Admitted blacks > d.) Lyceum lecture assosciations >> i.) Traveling lecturers
 * 5.) Higher Goals for Higher Learning**

> a.) Abolished debtors’ prisons > b.) Criminal code reforms >> i.) Number of Capital offenses reduced >> ii.) Brutal punishments eliminated >> iii.) Prisons reform and punish > c.) Petition to MA legislature (1843) >> i.) Dorthea Dix >> ii.) Described cell conditions >>> (1.) Insane prisoners >> iii.) Improved conditions for mentally ill
 * 6.) An Age of Reform**

> a.) American Temperance Society (1826) >> i.) Started in Boston >> ii.) Thousands others created > b.) Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There (1854) >> i.) Second to Uncle Tom’s Cabin >> ii.) Anti-alcoholic novel > c.) Main Law of 1851 >> i.) Prohibited manufacture/sale of liquor >> ii.) A dozen states by 1857 > d.) Temperance laws abolished >> i.) Unconstitutional >> ii.) Openly flouted >> iii.) Repealed
 * 7.) Demon Rum—The “Old Deluder”**

> a.) Women in America >> i.) No voting rights >> ii.) Could not own property when married >> iii.) Could be beaten within reason >> iv.) Regarded as moral, artistic, refined > b.) Feminists in America >> i.) Lucretia Mott >> ii.) Elizabeth Cady Stanton >> iii.) Susan B. Anthony > c.) Seneca Falls Convention (1848) >> i.) Declaration of Sentiments >>> (1.) Stanton >>> (2.) Called for ment/women equality >> ii.) Launched modern women’s suffrage movement
 * 8.) Women in Revolt**

> a.) Brook Farm (MA-1841) >> i.) Transcendatalism >> ii.) Inspired The Blithedale Romance (1852) > b.) Oneida Community (NY-1848) >> i.) Free love >> ii.) Birth control >> iii.) Eugenic parental selection=superior offspring > c.) Shakers >> i.) 1770’s-1940 >> ii.) Monastic customs=extinction
 * 9.) Wilderness Utopias**

> a.) Primitive medicine >> i.) Bleeding=common cure >> ii.) Smallpox plagues >> iii.) Yellow fever epidemic (1793) > b.) Ill health causes >> i.) Improper diet >> ii.) Hurried eating >> iii.) Heating/cooling too rapidly >> iv.) Ignorance of germs > c.) Laughing gas/ether >> i.) Anesthetics >> ii.) Early 1840’s
 * 10.) The Dawn of Scientific Achievement**

> a.) Thomas Jefferson >> i.) Monticello >> ii.) Uniersity of Virginia Charlottesville > b.) Handicapped painting >> i.) Exported painters >> ii.) Imported paintings
 * 11.) Artistic Achievements**

> a.) Washington Irving >> i.) Knickerbocker’s History of New York (1809) >> ii.) “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” >> iii.) Interpreted America to Europe > b.) James Fenimore Cooper >> i.) Leatherstocking Tales >> ii.) The Last of the Mohicans >> iii.) Destiny of America’s republic
 * 12.) The Blossoming of a National Literature**

> a.) Transcendentalism >> i.) Person’s “inner light” >> ii.) People in direct touch w/ God > b.) Individualist beliefs >> i.) Dignity of the individual >> ii.) Hostility to formal authority > c.) Ralph Waldo Emerson >> i.) Ideals reflected expanding America >> ii.) Philosopher > d.) Henry David Thoreau >> i.) Walden: Or Life in the Woods (1854) >> ii.) On the Duty of Civil Disobedience >>> (1.) Inspired Ghandi, MLK Jr. >> iii.) Condemned slavery government > e.) Walt Whitman >> i.) Poet Laureate of Democracy
 * 13.) Trumpeters of Transcendentalism**

> a.) John Greenleaf Whittier >> i.) Against three “I’s” >>> (1.) Inhumanity >>> (2.) Injustice >>> (3.) Intolerance
 * 14.) Glowing Literary Lights**

> a.) Edger Allan Poe > b.) Nathaniel Hawthorne >> i.) The Scarlet Letter > c.) Harman Melville >> i.) Moby Dick
 * 15.) Literary Individualists and Dissenters**

> a.) George Bancroft >> i.) “Father of American History” > b.) Most historians=New Englanders >> i.) Regional bias >> ii.) Unsympathetic to South
 * 16.) Portrayers of the Past**