Chapter+15+Outline

__Chapter 15 - The Ferment of Reform & Culture__
1) Reviving Religion a) Deism - rely on reason, reject original sin and deny divinity b) Unitarian - god exist in 1, free will, good nature c) Second Great Awakening i) camp meetings 25,000 people for several days d) Methodists & Baptists i) stress personal conversion ii) democratic control of church affairs iii) emotionalism iv) Methodist Peter Cartwright e) Charles Grandison Finney - great preacher f) feminization of religion

2)Denominational Diversity a) Millerites/Adventists (William Miller - Christ would come back Oct. 22, 1844) i) didn't work b) widen lines between classes/religions i) prosperors/conservative in East 1) Episcopalians 2) Presbyterians 3) Congregationalists 4) Unitarians ii) rural, less prosperous 1) Methodist 2) Baptist

3) A Desert Zion in Utah a) Joseph Smith - Visionary - Mormons i) murdered b) Brigham Young - took up to Utah c) polygamy prevented Utah to become state in 1896

4) Free Schools for a Free People a) taxation for education 1825-1850 b) ill-trained teachers c) Horace Mann (Brown University) fought for better school d) Noah Webster - dictionary e) Ohioan William H. McGuffey "McGuffey's Reader"

5) Higher Goals for Higher Learning a) Universities i) NC 1795 ii) VA 1819 (Jefferson) b) Women's place supposed to be at home i) Women's schools - Emma Willard - Troy Female Seminary ii) Oberlin College - Ohio 1837 iii) Mary Lyon - Mount Holyoke Seminary - Mass.

6) An Age of Reform a) reforms - free from cruelty, war, drinking, slavery b) Dorothea Dix i) insanity/asylums ii) petition of 1843 - Mass. iii) conditions improved

7) Demon Rum - the "Old Deluder" a) American Temperance Society - 1826 Boston i) implore drinkers to sign ii) children's clubs - "Cold Water Army" b) T.S Arthur - Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There 1854 i) Sam Slade Tavern ii) anti-alcohol c)Neal S. Dow - reformer i) Maine Law - prohibit liquor d) Temperance repealed

8) Women in Revolt a) women have no rights b) Women's Movement i) Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Elizabeth Blackwell, Amelia Bloomer, Grimke sisters (Sarah and Angelina), Margaret Fuller c) Women Rights Convention 1848 i) Dec. of Sentiments - "Men and women created equal"

9) Wilderness Utopias a) Brook Farm (Mass. 1841) i) inspire Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Blithedale Romance 1852 b) Oneida Community NY 1848 i) free love ii) birth control

10) The Dawn of Scientific Achievement a) Mathematicians - Nathaniel Bowditch b) Oceanographer - Matthew F. Maury c) Chemist & Geologist - Professor Benjamin Silliman d) Prof. Louis Agassiz - Harvard (immigrant) e) Prof. Asa Gray - Harvard f) Medicine i) bleeding ii) smallpox iii) yellow fever 1793

11) Artistic Achievements a) Jefferson - architect i) Monticello - University of VA b) Painters i) Gilbert Stuart ii) Charles Willson Peale iii) John Trumbell

12) The Blossoming of a National Literature a) Washington Irving born in NYC i) first American to win international recognition as literary figure ii) Knickerbocker's History of NY 1809 iii) Sleepy Hollow b) James Fenimore Cooper i) Leatherstocking Tales ii) The Last of the Mohicans - Natty Bumppo

13) Trumpeters of Transcendentalism a) Transcendentalism i) reject John Locke ii) person has inner light with God b) Ralph Waldo Emerson - philosopher c) Henry David Thoreau i) writer - Walden: Or Life in the Woods 1854 d) Walt Whitman i) "Poet Laureate of Democracy"

14) Glowing Literary Lights a) John Greenleaf Whittier i) against 3 "i's" - Inhumanity, injustice, intolerance