Chapter+8+Outlines+P3

1. **__Congress Drafts George Washington__** a) Virginian i) not experienced (except col. of militia) ii) took no pay iii) naturally gifted b) "great moral force"

2. __**Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings**__ a) Americans contradictory in words and actions b) May 1775- Ethan Allen & Benedict Arnold i) Brit. garrisons Ticonderoga and Crown Point captured c) June 1775- Bunker Hill seized d) July 1775- "Olive Branch Petition" (Amer. loyalty to crown) e) Hessians i) King George III hires ii) in it for money, many become US citizens

__3. **The Abortive Conquest of Canada**__ a) Oct. 1775- Brit. burn Falmouth (Portland), Maine i) rebels invade Canada __1)__ Richard Montgomery takes Montreal 2) French Canadian leaders against anti-Cath. invaders b) Jan. 1776- Brit. burn Norfolk, VA c) Mar.: Brit. evacuate Boston d) 1776 Feb.- rebels beat loyalists @ Moore's Creek Bridge (NC) e) 1776 June- rebels beat Brit. fleet @ Charlestown

4. __**Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense**__ a) American loyalty to crown lessens i) Falmouth & Norfolk ii) Hessians b) 1776: //Common Sense// by Thomas Paine i) small Britain should not control large America

__**5. Paine and the Idea of "Republicanism"**__ a) Paine calls for republic i) officials determined by popular consent b) some settlers familiar w/ republicanism in area c) good of people > self-interest d) some Patriots want republic "ruled by a 'natural aristocracy' of talent"

__**6. Jefferson's "Explaination" of Independence**__ a) June 7, 1776: Richard Henry Lee for independence i) motion adopted July 2, 1776 b) Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration i) approved July 4, 1776

__**7. Patriots and Loyalists**__ a) Loyalists vs Rebels, Rebels vs Redcoats b) Brit. detachments harassed c) many loyalists rich, educated, Anglican church d) few loyalists in New England e) rebels numerous w/ Presbyterianism & Congregationalism

__**8. The Loyalist Exodus**__ a) Loyalists imprisoned, hanged, etc. b) homes of fleeing loyalists sold for finances

__**9. General Washington at Bay**__ a) Brit. concentrated on NY as base i) reach NY July 1776, 35K soldiers b) summer & fall 1776- Washington outnumbered, retreats to Manhattan Island i) General William Howe does not crush forces c) Dec. 26, 1776- sneak attack on Hessians @ Trenton (Delaware Crossing)

__**10. Burgoyne's Blundering Invasion**__ a) Brit. to capture Hudson River Valley 1777 i) Gen. Burgoyne, Howe, Col. Barry St. Leger b) Gen. Benedict Arnold attacks @ Lake Champlain i) defeated, time bought 1) Brit. retreat to Canada for winter c) Burgoyne assembles 7k regular troops d) Howe attacks Philadelphia, settles in it e) 1777- Washington defeated @ Brandywine Creek & Germantown i) Valley Forge 1) Prussian drillmaster, Baron von Steuben f) Amer. attack Burgoyne north of Albany i) Burgoyne surrenders @ Saratoga Oct. 17, 1777

__**11. Revolution in Diplomacy?**__ a) French want to help Americans b) summer 1776: "Model Treaty" Continental Cong. i) "No political connection, no military connection, only a commercial connection." c) Ben Franklin @ Paris to negotiate treaty i) commoners relate to him d) Feb. 6, 1778: France gives US treaty of Alliance i) accepts, shows independence

a) 1779- Spain and Holland vs. Brit. b) 1780- Catherine the Great of Russia i) Armed Neutrality c) War in Eur., NA, SA, Carib., Asia d) 1778-83: French give rebels guns, $, etc e) 1778- Washington vs. Brit. @ Monmouth, NJ
 * __12. The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War__**

a) summer 1780- 6K Fr. troops in Newport, RI i) Comte de Rochambeau ii) minor hostilities b) 1780- Gen. Benedict Arnold a traitor i) plot to sell out West Point ii) detected, flees to Brit. c) 1778-79: Georgia overrun by Brit. d) Charleston, SC falls 1780 e) 1780-1781: US victory @ King's Mountain & Cowpens f) Gen. Nathanael Greene, Quaker tractician
 * __13. Blow and Counterblow__**

a) Native Brit. allies vs. Amer. b) 1777: "the bloody year" c) Oneidas & Tuscaroras w/ Amer. c) Senecas, Mohawks, Cayugas, Onodagas w/ Brit. e) Chief Joseph Brant (Mohawk) i) stopped 1779 f) 1784: Treaty of Fort Stanwix i) 1st treat w/ Amer. & Indians ii) Indian land ceded g) George Rogers Clark i) 1778-79: takes forts Kashaskia, Cahokia, Vincennes from Brit. h) John Paul Jones (Scot.-Amer. naval officer) i) navy destroys Brit. merch ships I) Privateers
 * __14. The Land Frontier and the Seas Frontier__**

a) 1780-81: gov. bankrupt, mutiny b) Brit. Gen. Cornwallis @ Yorktown i) supplies & reinforcements c) Washington, Adm. de Grasse (West Indies Fr.), Rochambeau (Fr.) i) attack Cornwallis (surrenders Oct. 19, 1781) ii_ French navy & soldiers impt. d) fighting cont. 1+ yrs after Cornwallis' surrender
 * __15. Yorktown and the Final Curtain__**

a) Brit. not willing to fight after Yorktown i) Lord North's ministry falls Mar. 1782 1) Whing ministry replaces b) Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay @ Paris i) consult Fr. allies @ all stages of negotiations c) Fr. wants US east of Alleghey Mts. (promis to Spain) i) John Jay suspicious, speaks to reps in London 1) prelim. peace treaty 1782, final 1783 d) Treaty of Paris i) Brit. sees US independence 1) l;argue boundaries to US 2) loyalists can't be harmed 3) US debts to be peacefully collected
 * __16. Peace at Paris__**

a) Brit. gives extra land to win Amer. from France b) Paris Foreign Office accepts US peace terms c) Amer. only benifit from way i) Brit. had been beaten ii) Fr. bankrupt, faces revolution
 * __17. A New Nation Legitimized__**