Chapter+4+Outlines+P3

> 1. Malaria, dysentery, typhoid > 2. People hardly made it to 40 or 50 years old. > 3. 1/3 brides pregnant before marriage in one MD county. > 4. Virginia most populated w/ 59,000 people. > 5. Immunity developed > 1. Tobacco grown instead of food to make a profit. > 2. Start of "indentured servants" >> i. Worked to pay for passage >> ii. Very profitable for masters > 3.Servants hopes weren't always reached > 4.Masters extended service if they misbehaved > 5. Masters didn't grant them much land. > 6. Some hired themselves out for low pay > 7. 1.5 million pounds of tobacco exported from Chesapeake Bay in 1630's. 40 million pounds in 1700's. >> i. Availability lowered prices. > 1. Former servants grew frustrated about: >> i. Not getting land they were promised >> ii. Not finding women to marry1676 - Nathaniel Bacon led rebellion against governor (William Berkeley) by attacking Natives > 2. Bacon died and civil war in VA continued > 3. Berkeley crushed rebellion, tension remained > 4. Looked to Africa for laborers. > 1. At first, slaves weren't common >> i. Wasted money if slaves died right away >> ii. Too costly > 2. Switched to slave labor >> i. Masters grew fearful of "potentially mutinous" former servants >> ii. Less people coming over to America as servants > 3. Pop. of African slaves increased > 4. Middle Passage >> i. Transatlantic voyage that brought slaves to America >> ii. Death rate was high > 5. Racism > 1. In the deep South, slavery was worst >> i. Harsh weather >> ii. HARD work >> iii. Only sustained through import > 2. Chesapeake area was somewhat easier >> i. Work allowed contact between slaves >> ii. Could be naturally sustained > 3. Unique culture formed from slaves - contributed to American culture today > 4. Slaves wanted freedom, but uprisings weren't effective. > 1. Planters (plantation and slave owners) >> i. Wealthy >> ii. Had many slaves >> iii. Controlled majority of gov't >> iv. Smallest in # > 2. Small farmers >> i. Small amount of land >> ii. Might own one or two slaves >> iii. Largest in # > 3. Landless whites >> i. Mostly former servants > 4. Indentured servants >> i. Gradually was replaced by slavery >> ii. Slaves > 5. South was very rural >> i. Slow to urbanize > 6. Waterways- main transportation
 * Chapter 4 - American Life in the Seventeenth Century**
 * __1. The Unhealthy Chesapeake__**
 * __2.The Tobacco Economy__**
 * __3. Frustrated Freemen and Bacon's rebellion__**
 * __4. Colonial Slavery__**
 * __5. Africans in America__**\
 * __6. Southern society__**

> 1. Longer life expectancy > 2.Families were common >> i. Husband and wife >> ii. Children >> iii. Grandparents > 3. After marriage, women normally had children every 2 years > 4. Southern women had more land rights than those in North >> i. Women gave up land rights when they married >> ii. Widows had property rights > 5. Men did not have complete control over wives > 6. Many women became midwives > 7. Marriage was important >> i. Divorce rare >>> a. Separated couples forced to reunite >>> b. Abandonment >> ii. Adultery >>> a. Convicted were whipped in public >>> b. Had to wear a cloth "A" on clothing >>>> 1. Basis for novel "The Scarlet Letter" __**8. Life in the New England Towns**__ > 1. Strong puritan values > 2. Proprietors got land rights to build towns >> i. 1636 - Harvard college established to train boys to become ministers. >> ii. Had to establish town meeting hall >> iii. Drilling area for militia >> iv. Land for each family >> v. Schools > 1. "Jeremiad" speeches >> i. Scolded parishioners >> ii. A decline in the supposed "elects" > 2. Half-way covenant >> i. Baptism >> ii. Church open to everyone >> iii. Women were majority in congregation > 3. Salem witch trials >> i. Group of girls claimed to be "bewitched" by older women >> ii. Occurred in Europe also >> iii. Aimed at older, property-holding women >> iv. Accusers normally subsistence farmers > 4. Witchcraft hysteria ended >> i. When governor's wife was accused >> ii. 20 years later, Mass. legislature annulled the "conviction of the witches", reparations to their heirs >> iii. "Witch-hunting" was finding a scapegoat to blame for problem > 5. The New England way of life >> i. Back bending toil put a premium on industry and penny-pinching frugality
 * __7. The New England Family__**
 * __9. The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial__**