Sub+Chapters+5-9

A. Defiance -1. Tensions arose in Massachusetts. --a. Quakers were fined, flogged, and/or banished. --b. Anne Hutchinson: claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. ---(1) Anne boasted that her beliefs were directly from God in her trial in 1638. ---(2) She was banished from the colony and eventually made her way to Rhode Island. She later died in New York because of an attack by Indians. --c. Roger Williams: radical idealist who hounded his fellow clergymen to make a clean and complete break with the Church of England. ---(1) His opinion was that Church and state should be separate. ---(2) Banished in 1635, he fled to Rhode Island. A. Land of the Outcasts -1. Rhode Island became a haven for misfits. -2. They were against special privilege. -3. Rhode Island became “the traditional home of the otherwise minded.” -4. It finally secured a charter in 1644. A. More Settling -1. Hartford, Connecticut was founded in 1635. -2. Led by Reverend Thomas Hooker, an energetic group of Puritans moved west. -3. The settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted a document called the Fundamental Orders in 1639, which essentially became a modern constitution. -4. In 1638, New Haven was founded and eventually merged into Connecticut. -5. In 1623, Maine was absorbed by Massachusetts and remained so for nearly a century and a half. -6. In 1641, the granite-ribbed New Hampshire was absorbed into Massachusetts. --a. The king separated the two and made New Hampshire a royal colony in 1679. A. Violence -1. Before the Puritans arrived in 1620, an epidemic killed 75 % of the Indians. -2. At first, Indians tried to befriend the Whites. --a. Squanto, a Wampanoag, helped keep relative peace. -3. In 1637, tensions exploded and English settlers fought the Pequot tribe, killing most of the Indians which resulted in 40 years of relative peace. --a. The Puritans tried to convert some of the Indians, but without the enthusiasm of the Spanish and French. -4. In 1675, Metacom (called King Philip by the English) united neighboring Indians in a last-ditch attack that failed. --a. King Philip’s War slowed colonial western march, but resulted in Metacom’s gruesome death which left him quartered and beheaded and his head stuck on a pike on public display. His wife and son were sold as slaves. A. A Bit of Unity Shown -1. In 1643, four colonies banded together to form the New England Confederation. --a. It was almost all Puritan. --b. It was weak, but still a notable milestone toward American unity. -2. The colonies were basically semiautonomous commonwealths. -3. After Charles II was restored to the British throne, he was shocked at how the residents of Massachusetts ignored his orders. -a. As punishment, a sea-to-sea charter was given to rival Connecticut (1662), and a charter was given to Rhode Island (1663). -b. In 1684, Massachusetts’ charter was revoked.
 * V. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth**
 * VI. The Rhode Island “Sewer”**
 * VII. New England Spreads Out**
 * VIII. Puritans vs. Indians**
 * IX. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence**