Chapter+7-Karianne+Morgan

The Age of Jefferson 1800-1816**
 * Chapter 7

1) Jefferson's Presidency A)The Louisiana purchase i) first claimed by spain, claimed by franc ein 1800 ii) 1803 france looses interest in louisiana iii) U.S. intrested in the mississippi river a) port of new orleans b) risked entanglement in foreign affairs iv) Negotiations a) sent ministers to france to offer $10 million for new orleans and a piece of land eastward to florida b) france demands $15 million c) U.S. ministers accepted w/out instruction v) Constitutional Predicament a) jefferson favored the strict interpretation of the constitution b) no clause in the constitution stating the president had the right to purchase or sell territories c) submitted the purchase for approval from senate d) quickly ratified vi) Consequences a) More than doubled the size of the US b) removed foreign presence from border c) increased jefferson's popularity vii) The Lewis And Clark Expedition a) before louisiana was bought jefferson persuaded congress to fund an exploration of the mississippi b) began in 1804, crossed the rockies reached the coast of oregon and returned, expedition ended in 1806 c) strengthened US claims, befriended Native Americans, better maps for fur traders and merchants B) John Marshall and the Supreme Court i) John Marshall a) Federalist Judge, jefferson's cousin b) Served as Chief justice for 34 years c) wanted a strong central government ii) Marbury vs. Madison a) John Marshal's First case b) Jefferson wanted to block the appointments made by Adams during his last hours as president c) William Marbury sued for commision d) went for supreme court review, 1803 e) Marbury granted his commission, judiciary act of 1789 f) Judiciary act was deemed unconstitutional g) judicial reviewimplemented iii) Judicial Impeachments a) Jefferson supported a campaign of impeachments b) a judge was found to be "mentally unbalanced" c) The house and senate voted to impeach him d) Supreme court justice samuel chase (voted for by the house) was dismissed by the senate e) some impeached but the campaign was an overall failure C) Jefferson's reelection i) Aaron Burr a) Federalist Conspiracy 1) political pact w/ New england federalists (radicals) 2) planned to win NY governorship in 1804 and secede the north from the united states 3) Many federalists followed hamilton, hamilton wins the election b) Duel w/ Hamilton 1) angered by an insult from hamilton burr challenges him to a duel 2) hamilton fatally shot, burr becomes hated by the people c) Trail for treason 1) 1806, burr wants to rule mexico and louisiana 2) jefferson orders burr's arrest for treason 3) Burr found "not guilty" D) Difficulties abroad i) Barbary Pirates a) pirates off the coast of africa stealing from us merchant ships b) Washington and Adams agree to pay tribute to the Barbary governments c) One of the barbary governments ( the pasha of tripoli) demands more money when jefferson took office d) Jefferson sent a small fleet of us naval ships e) us gained respect on the seas, and offered protection to the us merchant ships in the mediterranean ii) Challenges to US neutrality a) The Napoleonic wars dominated the politics of Europe, effecting the US economy b) Britain and france seizing ships of neutral parties including the us c) British navy dominated the atlantic iii) Chesapeake-Leopard affair a) 1807, a few miles of the coast of virginia, the british ship Leopard fired on the US ship Chesapeake and killed many b) many americans demanded war, Jefferson resorted to diplomacy iv) The Embargo Act a) an alternate to war w/ britain b) 1807, prevented US merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port c) Hoped Britain would stop violating US merchant ships b/c the US is their biggest trading partner d) The plan backfires and causes economic hardship to the US e) Depression in the North states causes them to contemplate secession f) Jefferson called for the repeal of the act in 1809 2) Madison's Presidency A) The election of 1808 i) madison was viewed as a brilliant thinker and statesman ii) Worked w/ jefferson in creating the democratic republican party iii) weak speaker, stubborn, lacked political skills iv) won the majority of electoral votes B) Commercial warfare i) The nonintercourse act of 1809 a) hoped to end economic hardships b) Stated that the US could Trade w/ all foreign nations but britain and france ii) Macon's bill No. 2 (1810) a) Said if britain or france agreed to respect US neutral rights @ sea, the US would prohibit trade w/ the nation's enemy iii) Napolean's deception a) Intended to revoke decrees violating US neutral rights b) madison embargoed trade w/ britain, 1810 c) The french continue to seize US ships 3) The War of 1812 A) Causes of the war i) free seas and trade a) dependent on atlantic trade b) US sympathized with France during the French revolution c) British violations of US neutrality = more blatant than other countries because they impressed US sailors into their navy ii) Frontier Pressures a)Americans wanted more western land, Spanish and Native Americans were "in the way" b) Aggressive actions taken to prevent indian uprisings c) Battle of tippecanoe, destruction to Iraqouis Confederacy d)British provided support, blamed for the rebellion by the union iii) War hawks a) election of 1810, new young republicans to congress b) called war hawks, eager to go to war with britain iv) Declaration of war a) Britain delays in meeting US demands of neutrality b) naval blockade suspended before war, white house unaware B) a divided nation i) election of 1812 a) madison wins reelection ii) opposition to the war a) new england merchants, because of the repeal of the embargo act b) federalists because the war was a "republican scheme" to conquer canada and florida c) quids because it violated classic republican commitment to maintain the peace C) MIlitary defeats and naval victories i) invasion of canada a) 3 part invasion, poorly organized b) burnt buildings in York, angered britain further ii) naval battles a) some victories due to superior ship building b) british blockade of the us coast crippled trade c) US victory @ lake erie d) British forced to retreat in 1814