Chapter+4-Morgan+Hensley

__Morgan Hensley's Chapter 4 Outline- Review Book__ (I will do the Practice Test later) If you have any questions, you can message me.

Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774

   1. Empires at War a) late 17th century war- Great Britain, France, & Spain b) The First Three Wars i) English forces gained Nova Scotia from France & trading rights in Spanish America ii) James Olgethorpe led colonial army against British iii) Under peace treaty, Britain gained political & economic gains in India c) The French & Indian War i) the French tried to stop colonies going westward; had Native Am. allies ii) The Albany Plan of Union (1) by Benjamin Franklin- intercolonial govt; system for recruiting troops & collecting taxes for defense (2) never took effect, but still precedent for later more revolutionary congresses iii) Peace treaty in 1763; British gained more North American control & French power ended iv) American colonies no longer faced attacks from the French, Spain, & N.A. allies (1) British thought colonists were weak & were unable/unwilling to defend the British frontiers in N. America (2) Colonists thought they were successful & were not impressed by the British troops, leadership, and warfare d) Reorganization of the British Empire i) //salutary neglect// was abandoned b/c the British needed more forceful policies on the colonies ii) Britain felt a need for a large military guarding the American frontiers iii) Britain was far in debt from the war, and had heavy taxes to pay iv) Pontiac's Rebellion- 1763, major attack against colonial settlements on western frontier v) Proclamation of 1763- British govt prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mts (1) hoped to prevent future hostilities between Natives & colonists (2) caused anger & defiance amongst colonists; still went westward

2. British Actions and Colonial Reactions a) New Revenues and Regulations i) Sugar Act- 1764, taxes on foreign sugar & certain luxuries; provided stricter enforcement to stop smuggling ii) Quartering Act- 1765, colonists must provided food & living quarters for British soldiers stationed there iii) Stamp Act- 1765, taxes on legal doc., newspapers, pamphlets, & ads. (1) protests against the act; no taxation w/out representation (2) created the Sons & Daughters of Liberty; sometimes tarred & feathered (3) boycotts were most effective; London merchants put pressure on Parliament to repeal the act iv) Declaratory Act- 1766, asserted Parliament was able to tax & make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" b) Second Phase of the Crisis, 1767-1773 i) Townshend Acts- 1767, collected tax on tea, glass, & paper; allowed search on private homes (1) Dickinson, Adams, & Otis wrote letters for petitioning the acts (2) colonists again boycotted against British goods ii) Townshend Acts Repealed- Lord Frederick North urged Parliament to repeal the acts b/c it would damage trade iii) Boston Massacre- 1770 (1) colonists harrassed the British guards, causing 5 colonists be killed (2) one of the five men included African American Crispus Attucks c) Renewal of the Conflict i) Committees of Correspondence, 1772 & intercolonial committees by the VA house of burgesses, 1773 ii) the Gaspee- colonists disguised as Native Americans set fire to the ship (1) guilty individuals were trialed in Britain iii) Boston Tea Party, 1773 (1) Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773, hoping to help the British East India Company's financial problems (2) colonists refused to buy the cheaper tea, & Bostonians disguised as Natives dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor (3) colonial reactions were mixed; some applauded the Boston Tea Party, others thought it was far too radical d) Intolerable Acts i) The Coercive Acts, 1774- four total (1) the port of Boston was closed, prohibiting trade until the tea was paid for (2) the Mass. Govt. Act reduced the Mass. legislature power, but increased the power of the royal governer (3) the Admin. of Justice Act allowed royal officials accused of crime to be tried in England, instead of colonies (4) 4th law expanded the Quartering Act, allowing British troops into private homes; applied to all colonies ii) Quebec Act, 1774- organized Canadian lands gained from France (1) Provisions- est Roman Catholicism as official religion, set up a govt w/out a rep. assembly, & extended Quebec's boundaries to the Ohio River (2) American Anger- the Act was viewed as direct attack b/c it took away lands claimed along Ohio River; feared the British would create laws taking away their Rep. Govt.; Protestant Americans resented the recognition of Catholicism

3. Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution a) The Enlightenment i) major influence on the Enlightenment & American thinking was **John Locke** (philosopher & political theorist) (1) he reasoned that while the govt is supreme, they have to follow "natural laws" based on peoples' rights b/c they are human; from his work, //Two Treatises of Government// (2) Locke said citizens had the right & obligation to revolt against w/e govt failed to protect their rights ii) other philosophers adopted & expounded on Locke's ideas (1) his stress on natural rights would provide a rationale for the American Revolution & the U.S. Constitution's basic principles iii)Other ideas of the enlightenment (1) future leaders of the Am. Rev. came to maturity (2) many enlightenment thinkers were Deists; believed God had est. natural laws (3) the political philosophy had an influence on educated Americans in the 1760s & 1770s; decades of the revolutionary thought & action that culminated in the Am. Rev.