Chapter+18+Outline

1) The Popular Sovereignty Paneaca a) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo started debate over extension of slavery i) North wanted to follow Wilmot Proviso, South did not b) 1808 - Polk did not seek a second term c) Democrats elected General Lewis Cass i) idea of popular sovereignty (1) issues should be decided upon territories regarding slavery 2) Political Triumphs for General Taylor a) Whigs nominated General Zachary Taylor b) Free Soil Party - against extension of slavery in territories c) neither major party talked about slavery issue, but Taylor won 3) "Californy Gold" a) 1848 - gold discovered in CA, thousands of men flooded into state i) issue of slavery forgotten b) many lawless men and women c) CA applied for statehood 4) Sectional Balance and the Underground Railroad a) 15 free and 15 slave states, CA would choose b) South against TX claims on disputed territory and no slave trade in DC c) Underground Railroad (Harriet Tubman) i) freed slaves to the north from the south d) South demanded a stricter fugitive slave law 5) Twilight of the Senatorial Giants a) 1850 - CA demanded admission as a free state b) Henry Clay - wanted concession from North and South c) John C. Calhoun - wanted slavery left alone and runaway slaves to return d) Daniel Webster - new land could not hold slaves anyway (Seventh of March speech) 6) Deadlock and Danger on Capitol Hill a) new group of politicians - Young Guard b) William H. Seward (senator of NY) i) against slavery ii) Christian legislators must not allow slavery to exist c) Taylor following idea of "higher law" and vetoed every compromise from Congress 7) Breaking the Congressional Logjam a) 1850 - Taylor died and Millard Fillmore took over b) Compromise of 1850 - series of agreements c) South reluctantly accepted compromise 8) Balancing the Compromise Scales a) Utah and New Mexico Territories could decide with pop. sov. over slavery b) DC could not have slave trade but slavery was still legal c) Fugitive Salve Law of 1850 i) fleeing slaves could not testify on their own behalf ii) fed. commissioner was paid $5 for free slave, $10 if not iii) people ordered to catch slaves had to 9) Defeat and Doom for the Whigs a) 1852 - Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce b) Whigs nominated Winfield Scott c) Pierce won because of downfall of Whigs i) Whigs ended national conflicts and started more sectional conflict 10) Pacific Railroad Promoters and the Gadsden Purchase a) trade route/transportation throughout US - transcontinental railroad b) James Gadsden appointed minister to Mexico i) bought Gadsden Purchase - route through the South not just Mexico c) South had a lot of control of transcontinental railroad 11) Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Scheme a) Kansas-Nebraska Act i) let KA and NE decide on slavery by pop. sov. b) Act would have to repeal the Missouri Compromise c) South backed act because they thought KA a slave state, north against it 12) Congress Legislates a Civil War a) Kansas-Nebraska Act ruined Compromise of 1820 b) North no longer enforced Fugitive Slave Law c) Democratic Party split in two and would not have a president elected for 28 years