Chapter+1+Outlines+P2

1) The Shaping of North America a) 10 million years = shape of N.A. b) Great Ice Age (2 million-10,000years ago) i) Left many rivers and lakes (1) Great Lakes a. Lake Ontario (2) Mississippi River (3) St. Lawrence River ii) Great Salt Lake

2) Peopling of Americas a) Land Bridge i) Connected Eurasia w/ America (Siberia w/ Alaska) ii) Went across the Bering Sea iii) Nomadic hunters crosses bridge from Eurasia b) End of the Ice Age meant spread of people across NA & SA c) Population by 1492: 52 million d) “Civilized” societies ii) elaborate cities iii) trade network iv) mathematics (Aztecs, Mayans etc.) v) governments (Iroquois, Aztecs, etc.

3) The Earliest Americans a) Corn i) Started in Mexico (1) Aztec (2) Inca (4) Iroquois Confederacy b) The Three Sisters i) corn, beans and squash were added c) Religion i) Animism (1) Believed in spiritual world ii) Respected nature

4) Indirect Discoverers of the New World a) Norsemen (Vikings) from Scandinavia (1000 A.D.) i) Settled in New Foundland b) Crusades i) Started desire for Asian goods Brought Europe into the Renaissance and the modern Age 1) Europeans Enter Africa a) Portuguese developed caravel ship i) Allowed Europeans to travel around Africa b) Portuguese trading posts were set up on African coast i) Traded gold & slaves ii) Slaves used on sugar plantations d) Vasco de Gama, i) Reached India, 1498 ii) bought back jewels & spices e) Spain unites and challenges Portugal 2) Columbus Comes upon a New World a) Led by scientific discoveries in sailing b) Goal to find new passage to Asia d) Thought in Indies (India) e) Mercantilism develops (Triangular Trade) 3) When World Collides a) New World Crops i) maize ii) potato iii) beans iv) tomato v) tobacco b) Old World crops/animals i) cattle ii) pigs iii) horses c) Depopulation of Americas i) smallpox ii) yellow fever iii) malaria iv) up to 90% destroyed