Chapter+16+Outline

I. Reviving Religion a. Church attendance were regular in 1850(3/4 pop) b. Many relied on Deism (reason rather revelation); rejected original sin, denied Christ’s divinity but believed in supreme being that created universe c. Puritans of the past now-Unitarian faith(New Eng.) -god existed in only 1 person not in orthodox trinity; stressed goodness of human nature d. liberalism in relig started in 1800 -tidal wave of spiritual fervor that result prison, church reform, temperance cause, women’s movement, abolish slavery II. Denominational Diversity a. revival furthered fragmentation of religious faith

c. Religious further split w/ issue on slavery (Methodist, Presbyterians split) III. A Desert Zion in Utah a. Joseph Smith(1830) came up(NY) w. Mormon & Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints -antagonism toward Mormons for polygamy, drilling militia, voting as a unit IV. Free School for a Free People a. Tax-supported primary school was opposed bec, relate to pauperism & used by poor b. Gradually support bec. “brats” might grow up to be rabbles w. voting rights c. Free pub edu, triumphed in 1825 w/ vote power in Jackson elect V. Higher Goals for Higher Learning a. 2nd great awakening led to building of small schools in S & W (mainly for pride) b. 1st state supported uni. in N. Carolina by Jefferson (dedication freedom from relig., poli) c. women thought to be bad if too educated VI. An Age of Reform a. reformers vs. tobacco, alcohol, profanity, transit of mail on Sabbath, women’s rights, polygamy, medicines b. optimistic for a perfect society (women imp. in reforms) VII. Demon Rum-The “Old Deluder” a. drunkenness were widely spread b. American Temperance Society formed at Boston VIII. Women in Revolt a. women stayed home, w/o voting rights, (19th century)-better than Euro b. many women avoided marriage all together c. gender diff sharply w/ raising eco role IX. Wilderness Utopias a. Robert Owen founded New Harmony (1825)à confusion b. Brook Farm-Massa(1841)-20 intellectuals committed to Transcendentalism (lasted till 46) c. Oneida Community-practiced free love, birth control, eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring d. Shakers-communistic community (led by Mother Ann Lee)-1770 (can’t marry so extinct) X. The Dawn of Scientific Achievement a. early American interested in practical science than pure -Jefferson & the plow b. writers concerned basic science c. most influential US scientists -Benjamin Silliman(1779-1864)-pioneer in chemist, geologist (taught in Yale) -Louis Agassiz(1807-1873)-served at Harvard, insist on original research d. medicine in US primitive, bleeding used for cure; smallpox, yellow fever kill many e. life expectancy low g. surgery tied people down XI. Artistic Achievement a. Us imitated Euro on styles b. 1820-50 was Greek revival (inde from turk)à later gothic forms c. Thomas Jefferson most ablest architect of generation (Montecello & Uni of Virginia) d. Artists view bec. no leisure time; suffered from Puritan prejudice of art as sinful waste XII. The Blossoming of a National Literature a. reading plagiarized from Eng b. poured literature to practical outlet (ex. //Federalist//, //Common Sense//(Paine),Ben Franklin’s //autobiography//) c. literature revived after war of inde & esp after war of 1812 d. Knickerbocker group in NY XIII. Trumpeters of Transcendentalism a. literature dawn in 2nd quarter of 19th century w/ transcendentalist movement (1830) -most influential as practical philosopher (stressed self-gov, reliance, etc.) XIV. Glowing Literary Lights(not associated w/ transcendentalism) a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807-1882)-wrote poems popular in Euro “Evangeline” b. John Greenleaf Whittier(1807-1892)-poem cried vs. injustice, intolerance, inhumanity (social influence c. James Russell Lowell (1819-1891)-political satirist-//Biglow Papers// d. Oliver Wendell Holmes(1809-1894)-The last Leaf e. Women writers -Louisa May Alcott(1832-1888)-massa(w/ transcendentalism)-Little Women

XV. Literary Individualists and Dissenters a. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)-“The Raven” -invented modern detective novel -fascinated by ghosts-reflect morbid sensibility (more prized by Euro) b. reflection Calvinist obsession on original sin & struggle bet. good & evil -Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)-The Scarlet Letter (psychological effect on sin) XVI. Portrayers of the Past(historians) a. George Bancroft(1800-1891)-found naval academy-published US history book - “Father of American History” b. Wiliam H. Prescott-pub conquest of Mexico, Peru c. Francis Parkman-pub struggle bet. France & Eng in colonial of N. America