Chapter+27-Allison+Myers

Chapter 27 Outline The Eisnehower Years 1952-1960 pg 570

I. Eisenhower Takes Command A. The Election of 1952 i. campaign highlights 1) Eisenhower won by pledging to go to Korea and end the war B. Domestic Policies i. modern republicanism 1) similar to New Deal 2) reduced farm production ii. created an interstate highway system iii. prosperity 1)Eisenhower's economic policies best from president yet 2) farmers income doubled C. Election of 1956 i. Eisenhower (a Republican) won reelection II. Eisenhower and the Cold War A. Dulles' Diplomacy i. pleased conservatives ii. stated that if U.S. pushed Communist powers to the brink of war, they would back down because of American nuclear superiority 1) now known as brinkmanship iii. massive retaliation 1) Dulles advocated placing greater reliance on nuclear weapons and air power 2) caused creation of hydrogen bomb 3) Soviets retalliated by making a hydrogen bomb of their own B. Unrest in the Third World i. covert action 1) was undercover interventions in the internal politics of other nations 2) CIA put down uprising of rebellion governments that interfered with U.S. business interests a. caused anti-american feeling C. Asia i. Korean armistice 1) Eisenhower visited U.N. forces to end war 2) agreed to an armistice (temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement) 3) continued division of North and South Korea ii. Fall of Indochina 1) French tried to retake Indochina from Japanese invaders 2) Soviet Union aided invaders and French lost badly 3) as a result French asked Eisenhower to send U.S. troops but he refused iii. division of Vietnam 1) U.S. gave economic and military aid to South Korea (anti-communist) 2) Eisenhower used "domino effect", if South Korea fell to communist powers, one nation after another would fall iv. SEATO 1) South East Asia Treaty Organization 2) attempt to prevent "fall" to communist powers 3) agreed to defend one another 4) U.S., Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Thailand, and Pakistan D. The Middle East i. Suez crisis 1) Egypt seized British- French Suez canal (major Middle eastern oil supply) 2) Eisenhower sponsored U.N. resolution by invading Egypt and retook the canal ii. Eisenhower Doctrine 1) pledged any military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by communism iii. OPEC and oil 1) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 2) Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela 3) oil becomes a critical foreign policy issue E. U.S.- Soviet Relations i. Spirit of Geneva 1) a meeting with the Soviets to reduce tensions of Cold War ii. Hungarian revolt 1) Hungarian uprising was put down by Soviets 2) ended Dulles ideas iii. Sputnik shock 1) Soviets launched first satellites Sputnik I and Sputnik II 2) U.S. created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) iv. Second Berlin crisis 1) Soviet leader, Khrushchev, gave U.S. 6 months to pull troops out of West Berlin 2) Eisenhower refused, Khrushchev agreed to put off crisis and meet again in Paris v. U-2 incident 1) Soviets shot down U-2 U.S. spy plane that had been spying on Soviet Union 2) Khrushchev refused to meet again with Eisenhower in Paris F. Communism in Cuba i. Fidel Castro (communist and marxist) turned to Soviets for support 1) set up a communist toalitarian state G. Eisenhower's Legacy i. military-industrial complex 1) in farewell address president warned that arms race was taking on a momentum and logic of its own III. The Civil Rights Movement A. Origins of the Movement i. changing demographics 1) traced back to movement of African Americans ii. changing attitudes in the Cold War 1) racial segregation and discrimination stood out as wrong B. Desegregating the Schools i. Brown Decision 1) Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka 2) ruled that segregation of black children in public schools was unconstituitional because it violated the 14th Amendment( equal protection of the laws) ii. Resistance in the South 1) temporarily closed schools as protest 2) Eisenhower ordered federal troops to guard black students attending school in Little Rock C. Montgomery Bus Boycott i. Rosa Parks in Alabama D. Nonviolent Protests i. sit-in movements ii. formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee IV. Popular Culture in the Fifties A. Consumer, Culture and Conformity i. television 1) 55 million televisions sold ii. advertising 1) promoted name brand material 2) created plastic credit cards iii. paperbacks and records 1) created the paperback book iv. Corporate America 1) income went up 2) more Americans held white-collar jobs than blue-collar jobs B. Women's Roles i. more women in workforce but recieved lower wages C. Social Critics i. Novels 1) about individual's struggle against conformity ii. "Beatniks" 1) rebellious writers and intellectuals 2) advocated spontaneity, use of drugs, and rebellion against societal standards


 * __10 SO WHATS__**

1) The Election of 1952 2) spur of modern republicanism 3) Dulles diplomacy and ideas- created brinkmanship 4) covert action in The Third World 5) the Korean armistice 6) establishment of SEATO 7) Eisenhower Doctrine 8) The U-2 incident 9) Fidel Castro- Communism in Cuba 10) Brown decision