Chapter+4-Ashley+Porter



** Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774 ** ** Chapter Four Outline ** **// United States //****// History: Preparing for the AP Exam //** 1) Empires at War a) The First Three Wars i. King William’s War (1689-1697)& Queen Anne’s War (1708-1713) 1. Won Nova Scotia from France ii. King George’s War (1744-1748) 1. Won Louisbourg, traded back for gains in India. b) The French and Indian War i. Beginning of the war  1. Washington led army to stop French building on Ohio River Valley, lost on July 3, 1754.  ii. The Albany Plan of Union  1. Intercolonial government, recruiting troops, collecting taxes.  iii. British victory  1. Peace treaty, gained French Canada, Spanish Florida, Louisiana  iv. Immediate effects of the war  1. no more colonial attacks, most dominant naval power  2. Different views of British & colonies  a. British view – poorly trained militia, uncontributing colonies, unable and unwilling to defend  b. Colonial view – proud, successfully defend, not impressed with British troops or leadership  c) Reorganization of the British Empire i. Salutary neglect – navigation laws unenforced – abandoned ii. Pontiac’s rebellion 1. Pontiac rebelled against westward moving settlers, British sent troops to deal with it, rather than rely on colonies iii. Proclamation of 1763 1. Prohibited colonists settling west of the Appalachian Mts. 2) British Actions and Colonial Reactions a) New Revenues and Regulations i. Sugar Act 1. Taxes on sugar ii. Quartering Act 1. Provide food and quarters for soldiers iii. Stamp Act 1. Stamps placed on all paper 2. Protesting the Stamp Act iv. Declaratory Act 1. Parliament had right to make laws and tax for colonies b) Second Phase of the Crisis, 1767-1773 i. The Townshend Acts  1. Taxes collected on imports of tea, glass and paper  2. Needed writ of assistance to search homes for smuggled goods  3. Colonial reaction  a. No taxation without representation  ii. Repeal of the Townshend Acts  1. Small tax on tea retained  iii. Boston Massacre  1. March 1770, killed 5 people, soldiers acquitted  c) Renewal of the Conflict i. The Gaspee 1. British customs ship ii. Boston Tea Party 1. Dumped 342 tea chests into the Boston harbor d) Intolerable Acts i. The Coercive Acts (1774)  1. Porter Act closed port of Boston, Massachusetts Government Act reduced power or legislature, Administration of Justice Act allowed officials to be tried, expanded quartering Act  ii. The Quebec Act (1774)  1. Canadians gained lands from France  2. Provisions – Roman Catholicism as religion of Quebec  3. American anger – Direct attack on colonies, took away lands  3) Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution a) The Enlightenment i. Human reason in solving humanity’s problems  1. John Locke - natural laws  ii. Other ideas of the Enlightenment  1. Deists, rationalism, emphasized reason, science and respect for humanity; Jean-Jacques Rosseau