Chapter+12+Outlines


 * //__Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and The Upsurge of Nationalism__//** (1812-1824)

a) Eve of war- weak and scattered army b) Canada-important battleground I. British weakest there c) 3 way invasion of 1812, from: I. Detroit II. Niagara III. Lake Champlain d) Britians/Canadians capture US Fort Michilimackinar I. British General-Isaac Brock e) Americans better in water then land f) Control of Great Lakes-vital I. Naval Officer- Hazard Perry g) British beat at Battle of the Thames (1813) h) Power of Napolean in Europe gone (1814) i) British attack NY (1814) I. sent supplies through Lake Champlain II. beaten by US fleet (1) Thomas Macdonough-US a) 2000 British to Chesapeake Bay (1814) I. defeated militia @ Bladensburg II. burned capital public buildings- White House III. Us @ Fort McHenry in Baltimore stay strong (1) inspire "Star Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key b) British blow to New Orleans (1814) I. Andrew Jackson in charge of US men (1) won battle (2) Peace Treaty signed @ Ghent, Belgium -ended war 2 weeks before battle (3) victory boosted nationalism c) Royal Navy blocked America's coast a) Tsar Alexander I of Russia proposed peace in 1812 I. 5 Americans to Ghent (1814) (1) John Quincy Adams b) Treaty of Ghent (1814) I. stopped war & restored territories a) New England prospered- illegal trade, etc. b) Hartford Convention I. Mass. issued convention (1814) (1) seemed British would capture New Orleans (2) Mass, Connet,Rhode Island, New Hamp,Vermont -discussed grievances & seeked redress for wrongs II. demanded financial assistance from Washington III. propsed constitutional ammends required 2/3 vote in Congress before embargo, stated admitted, war declared IV. Delegates wanted to: (1) abolish 3/5 clause (2) limit Presidents to single term (3) prohibit 2 in a row pres. from same state c) These orders to Washington from Mass. I. war was already over a) Napolean invades Russia (1812) b) Madison invades Canada (1812) c) Perry & Macdonough- naval officers d) Sectionalism issues I. New England Federalists e) "Indian fighter" war heroes I. Andrew Jackson II. William Henry Harrison f) Manufacturing prospered g) Rush-Bagot agreement (1817) I. limited naval armament on Great Lakes h) Napolean's final defeat at Waterloo (1815) a) War of 1812- created more nationalism b) American scenes/ themes in literature I. Washington Irving II. James Fenimore Cooper III. American textbooks created IV. "North American Review" published (1815) c) Revived Bank of US (1816) d) Army expanded e) Stephen Decatur- naval hero a) British lowering prices to crush US manufacturing economy I. Congress passed "Tariff of 1816" (1) 20-25% rates on imports b) "The American System"-Henry Clay (1824) I. strong banking system II. protective tariff III. network of roads and canals c) Not enough $ for good transportation d) Erie Canal- NY (1825) e) New England opposed federally made roads and canals a) James Monroe president by Republicans (1816) I. Federalist party dies away II. Goodwill tour in 1817 b) Boston newspaper stated "Era of Good Feelings" however: I. issues w/ tariffs & banks II. issues w/ slaves & sectionalism a) Financial panic (1819) I. deflation, bankruptcies, unemployment II. caused partially by overspeculation in West III. Bank of US closed many western farms IV. agitation for imprisonment caused by debt a) 9 Western states joined 13 colonies (1791-1819) I. free or slave states b) Reasons for westward boom I. immigrants went there II. no soil exaughstion III. victory over Indians IV. highways (1) Cumberland Road (1811) -Western MD to IL c) First Steamboat (1811) d) "Land Act of 1820" I. allowed buyer to but 80 acres at min. of $1.25 per acre e) demanded cheap $ and transportation a) Slave South & free North rivalry over West (1819) I. Missouri wanted admission as slave state (1) House of Rep. passed Tallmadge Ammendment -no more slaves in Missouri -Southerners called it threat to sectional balance b) North becoming more wealthy & settled I. at the time-11 states free & 11 slave a) Henry Clay helped w/ compromise I. Missouri as slave state II. Maine from Mass. as free state III. no more slaves in remaining territories b) Monroe reelected (1820) a) John Marshall- Chief Justice of Supreme Court I. bolstered power of fed. gov. @ expense of states (1) Meculloch vs. MD trial (1819) -denied MD right to tax bank (2) "loose construction" policy w/ Constitution II. Case of Cohens vs. VA (1821) (1) Marshall said right of Supreme Court to review state decisions in questions involving fed. gov. III. Gibbons vs. Ogden Case (1824) (1) NY tried to give water commerce monopoly to private people (2) Marshall said Congress alone controlled interstate commerce b) Weakened states rights, powered fed. gov. a) judicial barriers against democratic/ demagogic attacks on property rights b) Fletcher vs. Peck case (1810) I. Georgia legislature granted 35 mil. acres in Yazoo River country to private people (1) Supreme Court said it was contract & state law could not stop it -Supreme Court could invalidate sate laws conflicting w/ Constitution c) Dartmouth College vs Woodward (1819) I. Dartmouth had charter from King and New Hampshire tried to change it II. Marshall said contract must stand due to the constitution's protection of contracts d) Daniel Webster- "Expounding Father" a) Monroe's secretary of state- John Quincy Adams b) Monroe administration-"Treaty of 1818" w/ Britain I. premitted Americans to share fisheries w/ Canadian cousins II. fixed northern limits of Louisiana c) Florida- Spanish I. US claimed west FL d) Revolutions in South America (1816-1818) I. caused Spanish troops to leave FL unattended (1) Andrew Jackson w/ troops to FL to "stop Indians & slaves" (1818) -seized St. Marks & Pensacola -members of Monro's cabinet against ~not John Quincy Adams e) Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 I. Spain gave FL & Oregon for Texas a) European leaders stamped out democracy in Europe I. stopped rebellions in Italy (1821) & Spain (1823) II. rumour they would cross Atlantic to Spanish land b) Southward push of Russia c) George Canning (British secretary) asked US to join w/ Britain a) Secretary Adams- not trust British b) Monroe Doctrine (1823)- message to Congress I. warning to European powers (1) non-colonization (2) nonintervention a) Europe angered by Doctrine b) Russo- American Treaty of 1824 I. gized limits for Russian land c) Doctrine symbolized nationalism
 * __1) On to Canada Over Land and Lakes__**
 * __2) Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended__**
 * __3) The Treaty of Ghent__**
 * __4) Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention__**
 * __5) The Second War for American Independence__**
 * __6) Nascent Nationalism__**
 * __7) "The American System"__**
 * __8) The So-Called Era of Good Feelings__**
 * __9) The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times__**
 * __10) Growing Pains of the West__**
 * __11) Slavery and the Sectional Balance__**
 * __12) The Uneasy Missouri Compromise__**
 * __13) John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism__**
 * __14) Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses__**
 * __15) Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida__**
 * __16) The Menace of Monarchy in America__**
 * __17) Monroe and His Doctrine__**
 * __18) Monroe's Doctrine Appraised__**