Chapter+8+Outlines+P7

__**America Secedes from the Empire**__
 * Chapter 8**

1) Congress drafts George Washington a) Washington is chosen by congress as a leader I) Never command a group larger then 1200 men II) But had amazing leadership skills and strength III) Insisted on serving without pay 2) Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings a) Bunker Hill I) June1775 the colonists seized Bunker Hill II) Fought and won against Britain b) King George III gets angry I) The king hired many German troops II) These soldiers were Hessians III) Americans after Hessians land IV) Hessians became respected citizens 3) The Abortive Conquest of Canada a) British burned Falmouth, Maine (October 1775) b) Colonists begin invasion of Canada I) By invading Canada, colonists contradicted their statement of how they’re only doing this to get there rights back II) Colonists wanted Canada as a 14th colony and it would take away a safe base from Britain c) Colonists with 2 victories in 1776 I) Won battle against Loyalists at Moore’s Creek II) Won against invading British fleet at Charleston Harbor 4) Thomas Paine publishes __Common Sense__ a) King’s health decreases I) Colonists recognized the importance of separating themselves from the crown II) __Common Sense__ - 1776 1) Written by Thomas Paine 2) Expressed how tiny Britain shouldn’t control the last colonies 3) Expressed how king of Britain had no true power 5) Paine and the idea of “republicism” a) Paine suggested Independence and a republic society I) Where power flowed from people themselves b) Colonists agree and disagree I) Some agreed with Paine II) Some believed in a republic ruled by “Natural Aristocracy’ of talent 1) Meaning end to hereditan, aristocracy but still have social hierarchy 6) Jefferson’s “Explanation” of independence a) Richard Lee succeeds in moving an independent law for colonies I) Needed backup from foreign nations and other colonies b) Jefferson assigned by congress to create a formal statement I) Congress approved on July 4th 1776 independence was proclaimed c) Patriots of king George III turn to rebels I) Jefferson’s proclamation had universal affects as foreigners realized How they deserved their rights as well 7) Patriots and Loyalists a) War of Independence I) Colonials/ Loyalists (loyal to king) vs. Patriots (American Rebels) b) Loyalists I) Called “Tories” II) About 16% of the people III) William Franklin IV) Mainly older, rich, educational people V) Least numerous in New England and most numerous where Anglican Church was strongest c) Patriots I) Called “Whigs” II) Ben Franklin III) Most numerous in New England and where ever Presbyterianism/ congregationalism settled 8) The Loyalist Exodus a) Declaration of Independence 1776 I) Afterward Loyalists were roughly handled 1) Hundreds were imprisoned 2) Many Loyalists then fled to Britain 9) General Washington at Bay a) Britain focuses now on New York I) July 1776 35000 British fleet appeared in New York b) Washington leads troops I) Across Delaware River, re-crosses and captures 1000 Hesians II) Lead troops to a sharp defeat of a small British group 10) Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion a) Burgoyne’s Scheme I) Capture the vital Hudson River Valley II) Have similar faces for support, come in from the West b) General Benedict Arnold I) Led American troops to fight back and won time II) Winter came, British retired to Canada c) General House invades Philadelphia I) Surprisingly attacked Philadelphia ( Washington’s troops were located there) d) Burgoyne heads North of Albany I) American Militiamen swarmed about him II) British army trapped forced to surrender e) American victory over British I) Revived the colonial cause II) Made possible the urgently needed foreign aid from France III) Helped ensure American independence 11) Revolution in diplomacy a) Franklins treaty with France I) Announced Military Alliance II) Included recognition of American’s independence III) Lent powerful military heft to the Patriot cause IV) Both bounded themselves to war until America got full independence, which lead to a world war 12) A Colonial War becomes a Wider War a) England and France fight (1778) I) By 1779 Holland/ Spain came in against Britain II) Britain outnumbered b) British evacuate Philadelphia and go to New York City 13) Blow and Counterblow a) French Reinforcement I) in 1780 II) arrived in New Port, Rhode Island b) General Benedict Arnold- a Traitor I) Sold out key stonghold of West Point II) General Washington Frustrated c) British “ Roll Up” the colonies I) Charleston, South Carolina of British troops d) 1781- General Nathaneal Greene I) Quaker II) Finally succeeded in clearing most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops 14) The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier a) Chief Joseph Brant I) Worked with Britain to achieve large areas of back country II) 1779, American force appeared b) Treaty of Fort Stanwix I) 1784 II) First treaty between the United States and the Indians III) Through treaty, Indians ceded most of their land c) George Rogers Clark I) Surprised attacked British forts and gained them II) Forced British to cede region North of Ohio River d) Small American Navy I) Destroyed British merchant shipping II) Carried war into waters around British Isle e) American Privateers I) legalized pirates armed with weapons II) Brought in urgently needed gold III) Harassed Enemy IV) Raised American morale by providing victories 15) Yorktown and the Final Curtain a) British General Cornwallis I) Waits in Yorktown for supplies, believing British I II) Washington and French navy corner Cornwallis III) Cornwallis surrenders 16) Peace at Paris a) Treaty of Paris - 1783 I) British formally recognized American independence II) British gave Americans huge boundaries III) Yankees were to retain a share in the priceless fisheries of Newfoundland IV) Loyalists were to be no longer persecuted, British creditors were to have no obstacles from states to collect their dues 17) A New Nation Legitimized a) the aftermath I) British were beaten II) French get revenge at the high price of bankruptcy and revolution III) Americans won their freedom