Chapter+24+Outline+(RB+Chapter+18)


 * 1) U.S. leading industrial power
 * 2) Exceeded Great Britain, France, & Germany
 * 3) Factors:
 * 4) Natural resources
 * 5) Coal, iron ore, copper, lead, timber, & oil
 * 6) Labor supply b/w 1865-1900
 * 7) Immigrants
 * 8) Growing pop. w/ transport
 * 9) Government
 * 10) Eastern Trunk Lines
 * 11) Major route b/w large cities
 * 12) “Commodore” Cornelius Vanderbilt
 * 13) Merge local railroads into NY Central Railroad
 * 14) NY to Chicago
 * 15) Balti. & Ohio RR & PA RR connected E seaports w/ Chicago
 * 16) Western Railroads
 * 17) Settlement in Great Plains
 * 18) Linking W w/ E
 * 19) Federal Land Grants
 * 20) Gov’t gave 80 RR co. more then 170 mil acres of land
 * 21) Consequences:
 * 22) Hasty & poor construction
 * 23) Corruption in Gov’t
 * 24) Transcontinental Railroads
 * 25) Connect CA to Union
 * 26) Union Pacific
 * 27) Build W from Great Plains to Omaha, NE
 * 28) General Grenville Dodge, 1000 of war veterans & Irish immigrants
 * 29) Central Pacific
 * 30) Across mt. pass in Sierras from Sacramento, CA
 * 31) Charles Crocker, 6000 Chinese immigrants
 * 32) Competition and Consolidation
 * 33) J. Pierpont Morgan
 * 34) Control bankrupt RR
 * 35) Created effective rail sys.
 * 36) Created regional RR monopolies
 * 37) The Steel Industry
 * 38) William Kelly discovered high-quality steel
 * 39) Andrew Carnegie
 * 40) Vertical integration
 * 41) Control every stage of industrial process
 * 42) U.S. Steel corporation
 * 43) Carnegie sold his business to J. P. Morgan
 * 44) The Oil Industry
 * 45) Edwin Drake drilled 1st oil well
 * 46) Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Trust
 * 47) Horizontal integration
 * 48) Former competitors under 1 corporation
 * 49) Antitrust Movement
 * 50) Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890
 * 51) Prohibited any “contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce”
 * 52) U.S. v. E. C. Knight Co. 1895
 * 53) Sherman Antitrust Act applied only to commerce not manufacturing
 * 54) Conservative Economic Theories
 * 55) Laissez-faire Gov’t “hands off”
 * 56) Social Darwinism
 * 57) Herbert Spencer
 * 58) Applied Darwin’s theory to the marketplace
 * 59) Gospel of Wealth
 * 60) Andrew Carnegie
 * 61) Wealthy help the poor
 * 62) Inventions
 * 63) Samuel F. B. Morse
 * 64) Telegraph 1844
 * 65) Cyrus W. Field
 * 66) Transatlantic cable 1866
 * 67) Alexander Graham Bell
 * 68) Telephone 1876
 * 69) Lot more inventions
 * 70) Edison and Westinghouse
 * 71) Edison
 * 72) Research lab that many inventions came from
 * 73) Westinghouse
 * 74) Air brake for RR & high-voltage alternating current
 * 75) Marketing Consumer Goods
 * 76) Large department store urban centers
 * 77) Transporting goods using RR
 * 78) The Concentration of Wealth
 * 79) Millionaires that flaunt their wealth
 * 80) Horatio Alger myth
 * 81) Novels people can move up in mobility
 * 82) The Expanding Middle Class
 * 83) Middle management b/w chief executives & factories
 * 84) Increased demand from the middle class
 * 85) Wage Earners
 * 86) 10 hours a day, 6 days a week
 * 87) David Ricardo “iron law of wages”
 * 88) Raising wages would increase working pop. & more workers would cause wages to fall
 * 89) Working Women
 * 90) Young or single
 * 91) Restricted to industries that were an extension of the home
 * 92) Textile, garment, & food-processing
 * 93) Job more feminized, lower wages
 * 94) Labor Discontent
 * 95) Tyranny of the clock
 * 96) Dangerous working conditions
 * 97) Unstable & highly mobile
 * 98) Industrial Warfare
 * 99) //Lockout//
 * 100) Close factory to break labor movement before it forms
 * 101) //Blacklists//
 * 102) Names of prounion workers circulated among employees
 * 103) //Yellow-dog contracts//
 * 104) Workers told to sign an agreement not to join a union
 * 105) Private guards & state militia to put down strikes
 * 106) Great railroad strike of 1877
 * 107) Cut wages to reduce cost
 * 108) Improve wages & working conditions
 * 109) Attempts to Organize National Unions
 * 110) National Labor Union
 * 111) Organize //all// workers, skilled & unskilled, agricultural & industrial
 * 112) Higher wages, 8 hour day, = rights for women & blacks, monetary reform, worker cooperatives
 * 113) Knights of Labor
 * 114) Worker cooperatives, abolition of child labor, trusts & monopolies
 * 115) Haymarket bombing
 * 116) Haymarket Square bomb that killed 7 police
 * 117) 8 anarchist leaders tried, 7 death sentence
 * 118) American Federation of Labor
 * 119) Higher wages & improved working conditions
 * 120) Strikebreaking in the 1890s
 * 121) Homestead strike
 * 122) Cutting wages then a strike
 * 123) Pullman strike
 * 124) Amer. RR Union leader Eugene V. Debs
 * 125) Boycott tied up rail transportation
 * 126) 6 months in jail
 * 127) Turned to socialism & Amer. Socialist party