Chapter+11+Outlines+P1

__Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic__ - Monica Mehta

1) Federalist and Republican Mudslingers > a) Damage to Federalists >> i) Alien and Sedition acts unfavorable > > ii) Adams refusal to go to war w/ France >> iii) Stamp tax due to war preparations (navy) > b) Damage to Jeffersonians >> i) Sally Hemings controversy >> ii) Separation of church/ state-said Jefferson was atheist

2) The Jeffersonian “Revolution of 1800” > a) Jefferson wins-73 to 65 electoral votes >> i) Decisive: 3/5 clause-white southerners given a bonus >> ii) John Adams- last Federalist president > b) Jefferson: election 1880= revolution like the one in 1776 >> i) Represented a return of spirit of Revolution > ii) To check growth of government

3) Responsibility Breeds Moderation > a) Thomas Jefferson-Inauguration-March 4, 1801 >> i) Address- statement of democratic principles >> ii) First party overrun- seeks to ease Federalist fears > b) Jefferson- unconventional president >> i) Received callers in sloppy attire >> ii) Pell-mell dining (seating w/o regard to rank) >> iii) Messages to Congress: to be read by clerk > c) Moderation-no patronage to Republicans >> i) Dismissed few Federalists from positions >> ii) Did not build loyal political following

4) Jeffersonian restraint > a) Undo Federalist abuses >> i) Pardoned “martyrs”-from Sedition act >> ii) New naturalization law -1802 >> iii) Repeal of excise tax > b) Most Federalist programs in tact >> i) change of regime ≠ disaster for defeated group

5) The “Dead Clutch” of the Judiciary > a) Judiciary Act of 1801-Federalist act >> i) Created 16 new federal judgeships/judicial offices >> ii) Jeffersonians upset- repeal in 1802 > b) Chief Justice John Marshall-voice of Federalists for many years >> i) Case of Marbury v. Madison >> ii) Supreme Court: authority to interpret Constitution >> iii) Jeffersonians want revenge

6) Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior > a) Reduction of military force to police force >> i) Hope: forswear military-friends through “peaceful coercion” >> ii) Republicans distrust standing army-dictatorship > b) Tripolitan War-Pirates of the North African Barbary States >> i) Start: pasha of Tripoli-unhappy w/ protect. $, cuts US flagstaff >> ii) Jefferson-sends navy to Tripoli, fighting for 4 yrs >> iii) Peace treaty-1805-US pays 60,000 > c) Small gunboats “Jeffs” used during war >> i) Jefferson: boats valuable for guarding US shores >> ii) Not effective

7) The Louisiana Godsend > a) 1802- Napoleon: Spain cede Louisiana to France >> i) American pioneers need to ship produce down river >> ii) US- need ally to fight French off Louisiana > b) 1803-Jefferson sends Monroe to Paris-join Livingston >> i) Obj: buy New Orleans and east for $10 million >> ii) Else: negotiate with Britain for alliance > c) Napoleon decides to sell LA-end of New World Empire dream >> i) Cause 1: fail to reconquer sugar-rich island of Santo Domingo >> ii) Cause 2: Brit control seas, sell LA to US, pocket $-hope US can thwart British > d) April 30, 1803- treaty signed: LA + some land west to US: $15 million >> i) Jefferson- treaties to Senate, admits unconstitutional >> ii) Senate passes, Americans happy

8) Louisiana in the Long View > a) Precedents for future expansion >> i) Incorporation into Union basis: equal membership >> ii) Gov. accepts LA legal code based on French civil law > b) US free of Old World rivalries-follow isolationist principles > c) 1804- Lewis and Clark Expedition into N. LA Territory >> i) Scientific observations, maps, knowledge of Indians >> ii) viability of overland trail to Pacific

9) The Aaron Burr Conspiracies > a) Burr dropped from cabinet, joins Federalist extremists >> i) Plot succession of New England and NY >> ii) Hamilton foils plot--shot by Burr in duel > b) Burr w/ General Wilkinson >> i) Plan: separate western US and expand confederacy- FL, Mexico >> ii) Jefferson finds out-Burr tried for treason >> iii) Chief Marshall-need proof of acts-Burr flees to Europe

10) A Precarious Neutrality > a) Napoleon redeclares war with Britian >> i) 1805-Battle of Trafalgar: British supreme on sea >> ii) Battle of Austerlitz: French supreme on land >> iii) Orders of Council- closes European ports under French control to foreign shipping (incl. US) unless ship first stop at >> British port >> iv) Impressment-illegal seizure of American seamen- forced to serve on British ships > b)1807: royal frigate overhauls US frigate //Chesapeake// >> i) Brit. Captain demands surrender of 4 deserters >> ii) US commander refuses- Brit fires >> iii) England- clearly wrong, Jefferson- sticks with peace

11) The Hated Embargo > a) Embargo Act- 1807 >> i) Forbids export of all goods from US >> ii) Hope: European nations agree to respect US rights >> iii) Hurt commerce of New England > Britain or France >> iv) Farmers-unexportable cotton, grain, tobacco >> v) Illegal trade-1808 > b) Revival of federalist party > c) Congress repeals Act –March 1, 1809 >> i) Non-intercourse Act: reopened trade except w/ Brit, France > d) Causes: failure of Embargo act >> i) Underestimated of British determination >> ii) Miscalculated unpopularity and difficulty of enforcement > e) Foundations for manufacturing/industry laid during Act

12) Madison’s Gamble > a) James Madison becomes president-March 1809 > b) Non-intercourse act: terminates 1810à Macon’s Bill No. 2 >> i) If Brit/France repeals commercial restrictions, US will restore its embargo against the nonrepealing nation >> ii) Aug. 1810- French may lift decrees if Brit. lifts Orders >> iii) Madison accepts French offer as evidence of appeal-hopes British will repeal Orders and reestablish neutral trade > c) US-reestablishes embargo against Britain-no longer neutral

13) Tecumseh and the Prophet > a) 1811-Twelfth Congress “warhawks” >> i) Unhappy: state of American sailors and British Orders on trade >> ii) Want to wipe out Indian threat > b) Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa >> i) Began to form confederacy of tribes E of Mississippi >> ii) Gave up textile clothes, reject idea of land ownership > c) Battle of Tippecanoe >> i) Harrison w/ army to Tecumseh’s headquarters-burn settlement >> ii) Tecumseh into alliance w/ British

14) Mr. Madison’s War > a) War inevitable >> i) British arming of hostile Indians >> ii) Restore confidence in republican experiment > b) Congress declares war on June 1, 1812 >> i) Sectional and partisan split >> ii) Bitterness of New England Federalists