Chapter+28+and+29+Super+Kangaroos

RB: Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1901-1918
 * 1) Origins of Progressivism
 * 2) Attitudes and Motives: Americans knew that US was growing, sometimes for the worse and some for the better, groups had diff wants
 * 3) Who were the Progressives? Middle class, wanted to give to society, leaders challenged status quote
 * 4) What was the Progressives’ philosophy? Want honest gov & laws improve human condition, pragmatism
 * 5) Scientific management: scien manage system = most effective
 * 6) The Muckrakers: middle class talking of corruption
 * 7) Origins: reporter-Henry Demarest Lloyd, say bad of RR/Oil-greed
 * 8) Magazines: magazines compete w/ each other to talk of corruption
 * 9) Books: big-city corruption, used fiction to portray rich
 * 10) Decline of muckraking: writer hard to top themselves, pub expand econ pres of bank/advertiser, corp more aware of public image
 * 11) Political Reforms in Cities and States
 * 12) Voter Participation
 * 13) Australian, or secret, ballot: candidates stand over voters to make sure vote for right person, make law so voting in private
 * 14) Direct primaries: candidates by political bosses, then voters decide
 * 15) Direct election of U.S. senators: 1913 US sen elected by pop vote
 * 16) Initiative, referendum, and recall: I-voters compel leg. To consider bill, R-allow citizens vote on proposed law, print on ballots, 20 states use
 * 17) Social welfare: Jane Addams, Frances Kelly for diff. things (labor)
 * 18) Municipal Reform
 * 19) Controlling public utilities: no want city bosses, 1915 own water. Later other things for cities
 * 20) Commissions and city managers: hired managers to run part of city
 * 21) State Reform
 * 22) Temperance and prohibition: want to shut down saloons and liquor
 * 23) Political Reform in the Nation
 * 24) Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal: youngest pres, middle of econ.
 * 25) “Square Deal” for labor: Roosevelt made owners pay higher wages
 * 26) Trust-busting: enforce Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
 * 27) Railroad regulation: stop RR from rebating to favored costomers
 * 28) Consumer protection
 * 29) //Pure Food and Drug Act//: no manufacture/sale/transport. of mislabeled foods/drugs
 * 30) //Meat Inspection Act//: fed inspector visit meat packing plants to met min. standards of sanitation
 * 31) Conservation: forest Reserve Act of 1891 (150 acres for national reserve), won passage of Newlands Reclamation Act, National Conservation Commission
 * 32) Taft’s Presidency: 1908
 * 33) More trust-busting and conservation: personal revenges, no more communication, income tax collected
 * 34) Split in the Republican party
 * 35) Payne-Aldrich Tariff: higher tariff on goods
 * 36) Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy: if like Pinchot then hate Ballinger (vise versa), fired Pinchot
 * 37) House Speaker Joe Cannon: not reduce power of Cannon so people mad
 * 38) Midterm elections: Taft was out and want Roosevelt back
 * 39) Rise of the Socialist Party
 * 40) Eugene V. Debs: founder Socialist party, outspoken critic of business/champion of labor. Ran 5 times
 * 41) Influence: Progressive not like Socialist, ideas taken-8 hr work day
 * 42) The Election of 1912
 * 43) Candidates: Rep.-Taft, progressive rep-Teddy Roosevelt, Dem-Woodrow Wilson, Social-Debs
 * 44) Campaign: Roosevelt like working, Wilson like big businesses
 * 45) Results: Wilson won
 * 46) Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive Program
 * 47) Tariff reduction: lowered tariff
 * 48) Banking reform: national banking system-Fed Reserve Board-1914
 * 49) Business regulation
 * 50) Clayton Antitrust Act: no monopoly, unions not prosecuted
 * 51) Federal Trade Commission: no “unfair trade practice”, bank and transportation not investigated
 * 52) Other reforms
 * 53) Federal Farm Loan Act: farm loans low
 * 54) Child Labor Act: not trades good produced by kids under 14, but Supreme Court found unconstitutional
 * 55) African Americans in the Progressive Era
 * 56) Two Approaches: Washington and Du Bois
 * 57) Washington’s stress on economics: blacks need edu, econ prgress
 * 58) Du Bois’ stress on civil rights: said pol/social rights =econ independence
 * 59) Urban Migration: blacks move N: bad race relations, destroy cotton crops, job opportunities
 * 60) Civil Rights Organizations: Niagara Movement-equal rights for blacks, NAACP, National Urban League
 * 61) Women, Suffrage, and the Progressive Movement: Pres. Wilson support Women
 * 62) The Campaign for Women’s Suffrage
 * 63) Militant suffragists: protests for voting rights (NAWSA)
 * 64) Nineteenth Amendment (1920): women’s right to vote
 * 65) Other Issues: equality: education, liberal marriage/divorce, no discrimination at jobs, women’s rights to own property