Chapter+14+Outline

Chapter 14

1.) The Westward Movement a. The western settlers embodied American b. 1/2 of Americans were under 30 1. energetic c. pioneer life was grim 1. disease, poverty, depression, loneliness d. men were rough, "ruged individualism" 2.) Shaping the Western Landscape a. lands exhausted and barren, except bluegrass b. fur-trappers met each summer to trade 1. ecological imperialism- exploitation of west a. beavers and bison 3.) The March of the Millions a. population doubled every 25 years b. 33 states by 1860- 4th most populous country c. urban growth- 43 major cities 1. NYC, New Orleans, Chicago 2. problems with ghettos, disease in cities d. millions of immagrants came b/t 1840's and 1850's 1. German and Irish 4.) The Emerald Isle Moves West a. 2 million Irish died during potato famine b. Irish had no $ to move west, stayed in British seaports 1. scorned, lived in slums, hard jobs, discriminated c. Ancient Order of Hibernians 5.) The German Forty-Eighters a. Gemans came by millions b. Germans contribute to Americans 1. culture of education, art, abolition, traditions 6.) Flare- UPs of Anti-Foreignism a. Americans feared immagrants, "nativists" b. "Nativists" agaisnt spread of Catholics, formed "know-nothing" party c. attacks on Catholic institutions 7.) Geeping Mechanicism a. Industrial Revolution- spurred by textile machine b. Not much capital invesment, unused raw materials 1. USA couldn't keep up with Br. c. Factories started to grow after 1850 8.) Whitney Ends the Fikes Famine a. Samual Slater stole terxtile plans 1. established w/ Moses Brown b. Eli Whitney- made cotton gin to stop slavery 1. increase in slavery for cotton need c. factories- start in New England 1. good manufacturing, land unfarmable, seaports, river power, big population 9.) Marvels in Manufacturing a. 1870- manufacturing slowed b/c of war of 1812 b. 1850- mass producion, interchangeable parts, assembly line c. limited liability- investors lose inly their share 1. laws of "free incorporation" 10.) Workers and "Wage Slaves" a. impersonal ownership came with industrialism, "wage slaves" overworked b. child labors- abused, stunted, starved, mentally blighted c. laboring men- supported Jacksonian democracy- 10 hr days d. Depression 1837- unemploymen, people left unions, unions legalized 11.) women and the Economy a. "factory girls" worked in poor conditions, couldn't complain, watched constantly b. Working women- unmarried. once married, stopped working to be mothers c.love is new reason for marriage d. children more important- indivduals 12.)Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the Fields a. Breadbasket= west b. land was 1st cleared for corn c. John Deere-1837- created plow d. Cyrus McCormick-1830's- mechanical mover-reaper 13.) HIghways and Steamboats a. 1790's- landcaster turnpike-PN-drivers approached toll booth 1. turnpike = success! b. Cumberland Road- from MD to IL, created by gov't c. Robert Fulton- created 1st steamboat 14.) The Iron House a. railroad= fast and reliable. 30,000 miles of track by 1800 b. Ny prohibited railroads to protect Canal 15.) Cables, Clippers, and Pony Rides a. 1840's- clipper ships, not much room but FAST!! b. Pony Express- 1860- fast mail delivry 1. coast to coast in 10 days 2. express riders ousted by telegraph 16.) The Transport Web Bonds for the UNiond a. transportation revolution 1. canals and railroads b. NYC= city of commerce c. by civil war- continental economy, each region worked togerther 17.) The Market Revolution a."market Revolution"- transferred subsistences to entwork b. John Marshall- protected contracts c.Revolutionary advances caused class gaps 1. unskilled workers formed low class 2. social mobility- not so great