Chapter+18-Leigh+Ann+Penn

__Chp 18- The Growth of cities and the American Culture 1865-1900:__ I. Nation of Immigrants- A. Europeans emigrated in the late 19 cent. because- 1. Poverty of farmers 2. Over crowded and joblessness in Europe 3. Religion B. Old and New Immigrants- 1. Old- British, Germany, and Scandinavia 2. New- Italines, Greeks, Poles, and Russians C. Immigration Laws- 1. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 2. Law in 1885 prohibited contract labor 3. This was supported by- i. labor unions ii. nativist society- also againest catholics iii. social darwinists 4. Turn of the century almost 15% immigrants of U.S. Population II. Urbanization- A. Many farmers came to work in the cities B. Street cars were invented- 1. Skyscappers to help fit more people into smaller areas 2. Ethnic nieghborhoods- poor people moved here i. very crowded 3. Residental Suburbs i. Lower Income people ii. close to work 4. Private city versus public city- i. started social clubs C. Boss and Machines- 1. Find jobs and houseing for immigrants III. Awakening of Reform- A. Urban problems started to happen 1. Books were made i. Henry George- Progress and Poverty ii. Ed Bellany- Looking Backward 2. Settlement houses i. middle class people lived with poor ii. taught english, industrial art 3. Social Gospel- i. started feeling bad for poor 4. Religion and Society- i. members of middle class were attacked ii. new church was created- a. Christian Science 5. Families and women in Urban society- i.urban life isolated there lives ii. reduction in family size iii. National American Womens Suffrage Association helped womens vote 6. Temperance and Morality- i. 21 states closed down all saloons and bars IV. Intellectual and Cultural Movements- A. Changes in education- 1. Public schools- 90% of kids 2. Higher education- i. land grant colleges ii. universities iii. new colleges for women 3. Social Sciences- i. doctors started using these theorys ii. fewer then 5% people went to college B. Literature and Arts- 1. Realism and Naturalism- i. first romantic novels ii. Mark Twain became the realist author a. showed greed, violence, and racism iii. William Howells did the same iv. Naturalism is emotions and experience shaped human experiences 2. Painting- i. Thomas Eakins painted working class men 3. Architecture- i. 1870, Henry Hobson Richardson ii. Then Louis Sullivan in Chicago iii. Finally Fredrick Law Olmested a. made the grounds around D.C. and N.Y. 4. Music- i. African American music in New Orleans ii. Jazz was introduced to public C. Popular Culture- 1. Popular press- i. New York Publized-"World" 2. Amusments- i. reduction of hours people worked ii. better transportation iii. more billbords iv. decline on wasting time v. commuter cars even worked on Sundays and holidays 3. Spector sports- i. baseball, football, basketball, boxing 4. Amatur sports- i. Stay in shape//excersice ii. golf, tennis iii. rich did polo and yachting