Chapter14+Outlines+P7

Anthony Fulginiti

Chapter 14


 * Forging the National Economy**

1) The westward movement a) Andrew Jackson is President b) People have gone as far west as the Ohio River by 1840 c) Frontier life was very difficult

2) Shaping the western landscape a) Westward movement molded the environment - left tobacco field barren and dry b) Settlers discovered “Kentucky Bluegrass” c) Settlers admired the beauty of nature

3) The march of millions a) The movement west increased the U.S. population b) A lot of small towns grew into cities c) Created over population in some places d) Many European immigrants came to the U.S.

4) The Emerald Isle moves west (1840’s) a) A lot of Irish came to the U.S. due to potato famine b) Some Irish were gaining control of U.S. politics in some cities

5) The German Forty-eighters a) (1850-1860) Over 1.5 million Germans immigrated to the U.S. b) Most men farmers who had famine or they wanted democracy c) Were very influential in votes d) Contributed to art, music, and school’s (kindergarten)

6) Flare-ups of anti-foreignism a) American became prejudice against foreign immigrants - They feared being out voted and overwhelmed b) Catholic schools are created c) Many Catholic churches and schools were burned down in protests

7) Creeping mechanization a) Mass production machines for textiles are perfected (1750) b) U.S. had trouble competing with Europe

8) Whitney ends the fiber famine a) Invented the cotton gin b) North and South both prospered c) Many factories flourished

9) Marvels in manufacturing a) Manufacturing firearms became important b) Interchangeable parts = basis of modern mass production c) Sewing machine invented by Elias Howe d) Telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse

10) Workers and “wage slaves” a) Factories had an acute labor problem b) Poor labor conditions c) Many strikes happened in 1830-1840

11) Women and the economy a) Factories in N.E. allowed women to work there b) Not many opportunities for women

12) Western farmers reap a revolution in the fields a) Farms flourished in the west b) John Deere invented a steel plow c) Cyrus McCormick invented the mower-reaper

13) Highways and steamboats a) U.S. needed better transportation b) Highways began to be built c) Steamboats = good way to travel

14) “Clinton’s Big Ditch” in New York a) Canals became a popular way to travel b) Many canals built linking great lakes

15) The Iron Horse a) First railroad (1828) b) Went through mountains, could go almost anywhere

16) Cables, clippers, and pony riders a) (1858) Cable linked New Found Land to Ireland b) Clipper ships (1840-1850) c) Pony Express – mail service

17) The transport web binds the union a) All new methods of transportation linked east to west b) Each region of U.S. contributed something different to the economy

18) The Market Revolution a) U.S. economy became a “network of industry and commerce” b) Monopolies developed c) Cities expanded