Chapter+2-Jessica+Walker

JESSICA'S page Chp. 2 = )+< The thirteen colonies and the British Empire – 1607-1750 1) 13 distinctly different colonies a) Operated by distinct charters  b) Corporate colonies – Joint stock companies c) Royal colonies – direct authority of King  d) Proprietary colonies – authority of individuals granted charter 2) French and Spanish colonies in America a) Traditional independence with representative government b) Accustomed to holding elections, democratic 3) The Chesapeake Colonies a) Maryland   1) King proprietorships – total control 2) Act of toleration   A) protestants out and catholics in   b) Protestant revolt    1) 1600’s protestant resentment erupted brief civil war 2) Act of tolerance repealed – Catholics lost right to vote 4) Virginia a) Many problems in 17th century rebellion against government  b) Economic problems 1) Low tobacco prices due to overproduction 1) H.O.B. raise tobacco prices which led toLondon raising good’s prices c) Political problems and Bacon rebellion   1) Government policies favoured large planters 2) Government failed to prevent Indian attacks   3) Bacon’s volunteer army rebels and burns Jamestown d) Lasting problems   1) Two long lasting problems A) Sharp class difference   B) Colony resistance e) Indentured servant 1) Master or landowner paid for passage in exchange for work (4-7 years) f) Headright system   1) Offered 50 acres of land to    A) Immigrant who paid his/her own passage    B) Plantation owners who paid for an     immigrants passage g) Slavery   1) 1619 – First slaves in Virginia 2) First African Americans had same status as white   indentured servants    3) 1650 – 400 slaves 4) 1660’s – H.O.B. – laws discriminating against   whites/blacks  5) Development of New England a) Puritans   1) Struggle to establish Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies 2) Leaders intolerant of anyone who questioned religious teachings   3) Dissidents banished from Bay colony 4) Dissidents formed the nucleus for founding of several New England   colonies which develop into Rhode Island and Conneticut   b) Rhode Island 1) Roger Williams went to Boston 1631   2) Respected Puritan Minister 2) Conscience beyond control of civil or church authority 3) Teachings placed him in conflict with Puritan leaders 4) Banishment ordered 5) Williams fled to Narragansett Bay 6) Founded settlement of Providence 1636 7) Recognized rights of Native Americans and paid them for land use 8) Complete religious toleration (Catholics, Quackers, and Jews worship freely) 9)  Founded first Baptist Church 10) Anne Hutchinson believed antinomianism (faith, not deeds, necessary for salvation) 11) Hutchinson and followers founded Portsmouth in 1638 12) Hutchinson migrated to Long Island 13)  Huthinson killed in Indian uprising 14) Williams granted charter from English Parliament which joined Providence and Portsmouth creating Rhode Island  15)  Served as refuge for various faiths a) Connecticut 1) Connecticut River Valley attracts settlers unhappy with Massachusetts authorities 1) Rev. Thomas Hooker founded Hartford in 1636 2) Settlers drew up first written constitution in American history (Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1639) 3) Established representative government – legislature elected by popular vote 4) Governor elected by the legislature 5) New Haven settled 1637 started by John Davenport 6) New Haven and Hartford joined to form Connecticut – 1665 7) Royal Charter for Connecticut granted limited degree self government (election of governor) b) New Hampshire 1) Last colony founded in New England 2) King Charles II separated it from Bay Colony to increase royal control 3) 1679 made Royal colony subject to authority of appointed governor c) Halfway Covenant 1) New generation less committed to religion – interested in material   success    2) Puritan Church offered covenant to those who professed limited religious commitment 3)Puritan practices weakened to maintain church membership d) New England Confederation 1) 1640’s Colonists faced with attack from Native Americans, Dutch, and   French  2)Civil war in England meant little assistance 1) 1643 New England Confederation formed (military alliance between Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) 2) board directed by 2 representatives from each colony 3) Had limited powers to act on Boundary disputes A) Return of runaway servants B) Dealings with Native Americans 4) Lasted until 1684 – brought to end by English Monarch 5) Established precedent for colonies to take unified action in a common purpose g) King Phillips War 1) 1675-1676 New England Confederation helps colonists against Native   American War  A) Chief of Wampanoags – Metacom (known as King Philip) Unites southern New England tribes against settlers B) Thousands killed on both sides   C) Towns and villages burned D) Colonial forces prevail   E) King Philip killed F) Native American resistance ended 6) Restoration Colonies a) Late 17th Century Restoration – New American Colonies founded   1) English monarchy restored under Charles II - 1660 2) Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell ended  b) The Carolinas 1) Charles II grants land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles 2) 1663 they became lord proprietors of Carolinas 3) 1729 2 royal colonies (South Carolina and North Carolina) formed from original proprietorship c) South Carolina 1) settled by colonists from England and planters from Barbados A) Economy based on fur trading and providing food for West Indies B) Middle of 18th Century rice plantations worked by African    slaves    C) Economy and culture of West Indies d) North Carolina   1) settled by farmers from Virginia and New England 2) self –sufficient tobacco farms 3) Few harbors and poor transportation 4) Fewer plantations and less slavery 5) Democratic views and autonomy from British control e) New York 1) Charles II wanted to consolidate holdings along Atlantic Coast 2) Wanted Dutch to give up New Amsterdam (Manhatten Island) and Hudson River Valley    3) 1664 King granted Duke of York (James II) lands between Connecticut Delaware Bay 4) James dispatches force to take control of Dutch Colony (governor Peter Stuyvesant) A) colony renamed New York B) Dutch settlers to be treated well C) Freedom of worship D) Speak their own language E) New taxes, duties, and rents with no representative assembly F) Representative assembly outlawed G) Taxation without representation met strong opposition from English speaking settlers H) 1663 James yields allowing governor to grant broad civil and political rights, including a representative assembly f) New Jersey 1) James believes New York to large to administer 2) 1664 gave to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret section between Hudson River and Delaware Bay 3) 1674 One proprietor received West New Jersey and the other East New Jersey A) Generous land offers B) Allowed religious freedom C) Allowed assembly 4) Proprietary Interests sold to various groups of Quakers 5) Land titles changed hands repeatedly 6) Inaccurate property lines 7) 1702 Crown decides to the Jerseys into single royal colony – New Jersey g) Pennsylvania and Delaware 1) Settled by Quakers A) Quakers 1)Religious Society of Friends 1. Men and women equal 2. Nonviolence 3. Resistant to military service 4. Religious authority found in each persons soul 5. views challenged established authority 6. Quakers persecuted and jailed for beliefs B) William Penn 1. Convert to Quaker faith  2. Father Admiral in service to the King  3. Respected sons beliefs  4. Left Penn considerable wealth  5. Royal family paid him in a land grant in 1681  6. Named his colony Pennsylvania or Penn’s woods  C) The Holy Experiment 1. Penn wanted colony to achieve 3 purposes a. provide religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people b. enact liberal ideas in government c. generate income and profit for himself 2. Provided colony with Frame of Government a. 1682-1683 guaranteed representative elected by landowners b. written constitution Charter of Liberties c. Guaranteed freedom worship and unrestricted immigration 3. Penn came to supervise the founding of  Philadelphia 4. brought plan for grid pattern of streets (imitated by other cities) 5. Treated Native Americans fairly, did not cheat cheat them when purchasing land 6. Hired agents and published notices in Europe to     attract settlers 7. Land originally settled by Dutch and Swedish D) Delaware    1. 1702 Penn granted lower 3 counties own      assembly creating Delaware     2. Governor same as Pennsylavania’s until      American Revolution    G) Georgia ( last colony) 1. 1732 Georgia chartered 2. Only colony to receive financial support from London a. Britain wanted defensive barrier to     protect South Carolina plantations b. wanted to ship debtors from London to relieve overcrowded jails 3. Special Regulations a. Royal charter given to philanthropists led by James Oglethorpe b. Savannah settled 1733 4. Oglethorpe first governor a. Strict regulations 1. ban on drinking rum 2. prohibition on slavery 5. Colony did not prosper 6. Royal Colony a. 1752 Oglethorpe gave up plan b. British government took over c. Rum and slavery prohibitions dropped d. Plantation system adopted Georgia smallest and poorest colony

1)Which colonies were tolerent of different religions? 2) What problems did the sothern colonies have during the end of the century? 3)What did mercantilism have to do with the empirer? 4) What was William Penn's holy experiment? 5) How did the royal colonies and corporate colonies differ in control?