Chapter+15-Siddarth+Plakkot

1) South’s economy and society were decimated a.  Republicans in North wanted continued economic interest b.  Southerners needed cheap labor force; No one to work them 2)  Reconstruction policies of Lincoln a. Lincoln believed southern states never left union b. Was lenient in his pardoning of South c. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction i. If one took full presidential pardons by taking oath to Union and accepting blacks were citizens ii. 10 percent of voters in state had to accept this law iii. South had to accept that slavery was unconstitutional d. Wade-Davis Bill i. Proposed by Republican Congress ii. Far more stringent regulation for re-admittance to Union iii. 50% of voters must take loyalty to Union and to non-slavery e. Freedmen’s Bureau i. Acted as early welfare agency; Provided food, shelter and education for free blacks ii. Renowned for their education policies f. Lincoln’s Last Speech i. Hoped that L.A. be considered a Reconstruction state ii. Hoped that free blacks could vote; Set stage for radical republicans 3) Johnson a.  Only Senator from South who remained loyal to Union b.  Record was deceiving; Was a Racist c.  Johnson advocated the disenfranchisement of Confederate generals  i.  Pardoned officials that he thought were not guilty; Used pardoning doctrine efficiently d.  Many Confederacy officials were elected to go to Senate e.  Southern Legislatures adopted Black Codes  i.  Prohibited blacks from buying land  ii.  Placed freedmen into a form of semi-bondage by forcing them to work contracts   iii.  Had to work cotton fields for deferred wages  iv.  Vetoed bills to help Blacks  v.  Johnson denounced Congress by saying more rights to Blacks would come in Africanized society 1.  Republicans in North used tactic of “waving bloody shirt” 2.  Resounding Victory for REPUBLICANS in 1866 4)  Congressional Reconstruction a. Thought Black Codes and Johnson policies were absurd b. Champion toward Black Liberty and Rights c. Blacks would Receive Lands confiscated from planter class i. Increase Military Rule to enforce more education ii. Most republicans shifted to radical position in 1866 1. Believed reunified Democratic party might be dominant 2. African Americans are not considered equal to 3/5 person anymore d. Enacting the Radical Program i. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 1. Declared that African Americans were citizens of US 2.  Provided legal shield against the Black Codes ii. 14th Amendment was legitimate legal amendment 1. Declared all persons born in US as citizens 2. Required states to provide them equal protection of law 3. **Disqualified former Confederate officers from voting or holding office** iii. Joint Committee Report 1. Former confederate states could not represent in Congress 2. Congress had jurisdiction to determine whether states can rejoin Union iv. Implications of Congressional Reconstruction 1. Placed South under military rule 2. Divided the former Confederate states into 5 military districts 3. Harsher restrictions for Southern reentrance into Union e. Johnson’s Impeachment i. Tenure of Office Acts 1. Prohibited the president from removing a federal official or military commander without the approval of the Senate 2. Congress wanted to protect radicals in Cabinet ii. Johnson repudiated law; fired Stanton iii. House charged him with 11 crimes; Impeached Johnson iv. Fell one vote shy of removal from office f. Election of 1866 i. Ulysses S. Grant won by slim margin ii. 500,000 blacks’ vote played profound influence iii. Republicans needed to protect votes of blacks g. Fifteenth Amendment i. Suffrage for Blacks h. Civil Rights Act of 1875 i. Granted equal rights for blacks and whites in public places ii. Poorly Enforced 5) Reconstruction in the South a.  Freedmen controlled Lower Part of House  i.  Scalawags- Southern Republicans; Economic Motive  ii.  Carpetbaggers- Northern Republican newcomers b.  Evaluating the Republicans Record   i.  Accomplishments 1.  Universal Male Suffrage 2.  Liberalized state constitution 3.  bridges, roads, railroads 4.  State supported schools for whites and blacks

c. Africans Americans Adjusting to Freedmen i. Freedmen & Freedwomen had hardest time adjusting to society ii. Black Churches for solely blacks were way of autonomy iii. Established churches for African Americans d. Sharecropping i. Contracts set terms that nearly to permanent/unrestricted labor ii. Analogous to slavery 6) Reconstruction during North a.  Corruption b.  Business  i.  Gold Market corruption c.  Election of 1872  i.  Grant wins d.  Panic of 1873 came during Grants administration e.  The End of Reconstruction  i.  Third Final Stage of Reconstruction- Redeemers  ii.  Ku Klux Klan 1.  White Supremacist Group 2.  Attacked Black Peoples 3.  Force Acts of 1870- Gave right of fed. Gov. to hinder KKK from harming people  iii.  The Amnesty Act  1.  Southern conservatives could vote for Democrats to take control of state governments  iv.  The Election 1876 1.  Rutherford Hayes wins in electoral vote 2.  Democrats are incensed  v.  The Compromise of 1877 1.  Hayes would become president on conditions (1)  Immediate end of federal support for Republicans in South (2)  Transcontinental Railroad 2.  Supreme Court didn’t support African Americans

__ Pg. 436- 437; 530; 579- 581; 599- 602__ 1) African Americans in the Progressive Era a.  Washington’s Stress on Economics  i.  Blacks’ needed education and economic support  ii.  Should learn industrial skill to succeed b.  W.E. Du Bois  i.  Demanded Equal Rights for African Americans  ii.  Started Niagara Movement for equal rights for Blacks  iii.  Founded NAACP to abolish segregation and provide educational opportunities for all  2)  War Impact on African- Americans a. African Americans went up North to find jobs i. Faced Discrimination ii. Do Double V- Over Fascism & At Home iii. Smith vs. Allwright- unconstitutional for blacks to be denied into political parties 3) The Civil Rights Movement a.  Jackie Robinson broken racial barrier in playing sports b.  African Americans still barred from voting c.  Brown vs. Board of Education - Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson; separate schools were unconstitutional d.  Eisenhower used federal troops to protect African Americans while they went to school e.  Rosa Parks – Didn’t Give Up seat on bus Martin Luther King Jr.- Proponent for civil right equality f.  Eisenhower signed two civil rights laws for blacks  i.  Protected voting rights for Blacks g.  Martin Luther King Jr.- formed SCLC  i.  Performed nonviolent actions (civil disobedient) to protest 1) Which of the following assertions is true regarding WE Du Bois? a) WE Du Bois was an ex slave b) WE Du Bois adovcated greater economic oppurinity for African Americans c) His advesary Booker T. Washington was a Harvard educated, erudite, rousing speaker who renounced his American citizenship d) WE Du Bois adovocated full rights for blacks 2) What ended Reconstruction? a) Provisions in the Compromise of 1877 b) Abhraham Lincoln's Declaration of the Emancipation Proclamtion c) Radical Actions taking by Charles Sumner and other Radical Republcans d) Spanish American war 3) What group of people used their new attained suffrage right efficiently in Republcan South? a) African Americans, who as part of the 15th amendment were given the right to vote, and numerous women in the New South b) Scalawags c) Carpetbaggers d) Freedmen 4) The significance of the Freedmen's Buereo was to... a) Eradicate Blacks b) Impart Knowledge in the form of education c) Provide a stable workforce d) Establish towns for the whites 5) In the post- Civil War Era, an ardent supporter of Johnson who most likely be..... a) Blacks who liked him for sustaining the Freedmens Bueruao b) Edwin Stanton c) Republicans who admired him for supporting their doctrine of a strict version of the Constitution d) A general of the confederacy who will admire him for issuing them pardons for their disloyal nature
 * __Questions__**

Answers:1) d 2) a 3) d 4) b 5) D