Chapter+8-Rachel+Muscolino

**__AMERICAN PAGEANT BOOK CHAPTER 8: AMERICA SECEDES FROM THE EMPIRE, 1775-1783__**

Test Review Questions are written in this color at the end of this outline __**A. Second Continental Congress met in Philly B. no well defined sentiment for independence __**A. Washington- Virginia planter/ 43 years old B. powers of leadership and strong sense of character C. Characteristics- patient, courage, self discipline and sense of justice D. People trusted him E. Americans stop trusting British F. Washington= wealthy __**3. Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings**__ A. clash of arms=Americans affirming their authority to king & voicing desire to patch up difficulties. B. April 1775- July 1776- Bunker Hill war fought C. May 1775- Ethan Allen & Benedict Arnold’s troops captured British Garrisons D. June 1775 Colonists seized a hill known as Breed’s Hill NOT Bunker Hill E. July 1775-Continental Congress adopted the “Olive Branch Petition” F. August 1775- King George III proclaimed the colonies in Rebellion G. Americans called European mercenaries- Hessians H. Hessians= good soldiers __**4. The Abortive Conquest of Canada**__ A. October 1775- British burned Falmouth (Portland) B. rebels took on invading Canada C. success=14th colony D. Canada plan= missed success E. General Richard Montgomery was joined in Quebec by Benedict Arnold’s army F. Arnold’s army at dogs & shoe leather G. attack on Quebec in 1775= Montgomery killed, Arnold wounded in leg H. Fighting in Americas continued I. January 1776-British set fire to Norfolk J. British evacuated Boston K. rebel colonists in south= 2 victories in 1776 i. February- against 1500 loyalists ii. June- against invading British fleet __**5. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense**__ A. 1776- Thomas Paine published Common Sense B. King= royal brute of England __**A. republic- power flowed from people themselves not a corrupt monarch B. Republicanism pertained to British politicians C. colonists experience w/ governance prepared them for Paine’s summons to create republic D. 1774-1775 popularly elected committees showed feasibility of republican government E. collective good of “people” means more the private rights F. Not all Patriots agree G. Republicanism= end if hereditary aristocracy A. June 7, 1776- Richard Henry Lee- moved colonies= free and independent states B. July 2, 1776- motion adopted C. passing Lee’s declaration- formal declaration of independence D. Thomas Jefferson= job to prepare a formal statement of separation E. Declartion of Independence formally approved on July 4, 1776 F. Jefferson- invoking Natural Rights G. Declarion had universal impact __**A. War of Independence= war in a war B. Colonials loyal to king=loyalists C. loyalists fought American rebels(Patriots) D. rebels fought British Redcoats E. Loyalists=Tories F. Patriots= Whigs G. American Revolution= Minority movement H. loyalists= 16& of American people I.  Ben Franklin= Loyalists J. William Franklin= Patriot (last governor of New Jersey ) K. Loyalists= King’s officers and beneficiaries of the crown L. Anglican chirch= more loyalusts M. Presbytarian and Congregationalism= more Patriots A. Declaration of Independence= strongly separated Loyalists and Patriots B. Loyalists treated roughly C. 50,000 Loyalist volunteers bore arms from British D. helped king by being spies __**10. General Washington at Bay **__ A. Disaster hit Americans in summer and fall of 1776= outgeneraled and outmaneuvered B. General William Howe= didn’t speedily crush the demoralized American Forces C. Trenton, December 26, 1776 Washington captured a 1,000 Hessians __** 11. Burgoyne’s Blundering Invasion **__ A. General Burgoyne= Gentlemen Johnny B. London Officials adopted plan to capture the Hudson River valley in 1777 C. Burgoyne surrendered in Saratoga on October 17, 1777 __**12. Revolutionary in Diplomacy?**__ A. rebellious Americans harbored revolutionary ideas about international affairs B. they wanted to end Colonialism and mercantilism C. supported free trade and freedom of seas D. The Continental Congress in 1776 drafted Model Treaty E. After humiliation in Saratoga in 1777 British passed a measure that offered Americans home rule within an empire A. England and France fought in 1778 B. most countries against British C. In June 1778 redcoats were attacked by General Washington at Monmouth A. Summer of 1780 French army of 6,000 troops arrived in Newport B. Americans= suspicious C. Warfare intensified in the Carolinas= Patriots and Loyalists fought bitterly D. General Nathanial Greene (Fighting Quaker) succeeded in clearing most of Georgia, and South Carolina of British Troops A. 1777= Bloody Year on the Frontier B. Iroquois Confederacy, Oneidas, and Tuscaroras= American side C. Senecas, Mohawks, Cayugas, Onondagas= British side D. Iroquois forced to sign Treaty of Fort Stanwix A. 1780-1781= darkest period of war B. British General Cornwallis= blundering in a trap C. Admiral de Grasse= operated powerful fleet in West Indies D. Cornwallis surrounded by Washington, Rochambeau, and Grasse. Surrendered in Yorktown October 19, 1781 E. fighting continued a year after Yorktown, between Patriots and Loyalists __** 17. Peace at Paris **__ A. Lord North’s Ministry collapsed in March 1782 B. Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay all met at Paris to negotiate peace. C. Treaty of Pairs 1783 was created and signed. A. Shaky Whig ministry nicer to Americans than Tories. B. Paris Foreign Office approved terms of peace C. America gained form the world-girdling war D. British were battered and beaten E. French wanted sweet revenge F. Americans benefited more by getting their independence; they began a national career w/ territorial birthright and priceless heritage of freedom TEST REVIEW QUESTIONS!!!!!!! 1. What General was surrounded in Yorktown and surrendered? A) General Washington B) General Burgoyne C) General Rochambeau D) General Cornwallis E) General Ben Franklin
 * __ 1. Intro
 * __2. Congress Drafts George Washington
 * __6. Paine and the idea of “Republicanism”
 * __7. Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence__**
 * __8. Patriots and Loyalists
 * __9. The Loyalist Exodus__**
 * __ 13. The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War __**
 * __ 14. Blow and Counterblow __**
 * __ 15. The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier __**
 * __ 16. Yorktown and the Final Curtain __**
 * __ 18. A New Nation Legitimized __**

2. Name one of the 3 men who went to Paris to negotiate Peace. _

3. Below each name say if they were a Loyalist or a Patriot

Ben Franklin

William Franklin

George Washington

4. Who rewrite General Lee's resolution? A) Ben Franklin B) Thomas Jefferson C) John Adams D) Thomas Paine E) Alan Ramsay

5. What was anothe rname for the American Rebels?

6. Who were the Loyalist?

7. What was the name of the British? A) Redcoats B) Patriots C) Loyalists D) Byrds E) Quakers

8. What was the name of the influential pamphlet Thomas Paine wrote?

9. "Mr. Jefferson's advertisement of Mr. Lee's resloution" references what popular document? A) Constitution B) Declaration of Independence C) Bill of RIghts D) Treaty of Paris of 1783 E) Treaty of Fort Stanwix

10. One tribe that was on the American side was the: A) Senecas B) Mohawks C) Cayugas D) Sioux E) Oneidas