Chapter+23-Gavin+Ellenwood

Chapter 23 Outline
“The New Era: The 1920’s” 1. Republican Control A. Business Doctrine i. Roosevelt dies in 1919 ii. Allows return of conservative Republicans B. The Presidency of Warren Harding i. A Few Good Choices 1. Appointed able men to his cabinet ii. Domestic Policy 1. Reduction of Income Tax 2. Increase in Tariff Rates 3. Bureau of Budget iii. Scandals and Death 1. He selected incompetent and dishonest men in cabinet as well 2. While Traveling in West, he died C. Presidency of Calvin Coolidge i. The Election of 1924 1. Coolidge 2. John w. Davis 3. Robert LaFollette ii. Vetoes and Inaction 1. Believed in limited Gov. 2. Vetoed many acts D. Hoover, Smith, and the Election of 1928 i. Secretary of Commerce, Hoover has served less than 3 presidencies ii. Opponent was Alfred E. Smith of NY iii. Promised an end to poverty

2. Mixed Economic Development A. Causes of Business Prosperity i. Increased Productivity ii. Energy Technologies 1. Use of Oil and Electricity iii. Government Policy 1. Favored Growth of big business B. Farm Problems i. Did not share in Coolidge Prosperity ii. Flourished between 1916-1918 due to: 1. Wartime demand in Europe 2. US Gov. wartime policy of guaranteeing minimum prices of wheat and corn C. Labor Problems i. Membership in Unions dropped 20 percent 1. Open Shop policy i. Kept jobs open to nonunion workers ii. Companies practiced Welfare Capitalism 1. Offered improved benefits and higher wages to employees

3. A New Culture A. The Jazz Age i. Youth expressed rebellion by dancing to Jazz music ii. Became a symbol of “new” and “modern” culture B. Consumerism i. Electricity led to number of opportunities for consumers: 1. Refrigerators 2. Vacuums 3. Washing Machines ii. These appliances flew off the shelves iii. Impact of the Automobile 1. By 1929, 26.5 Million automobiles were registered iv. Entertainment 1. THE RADIO i. Appeared in 1920’s ii. By 1930, 800 channels broadcasted on over 10 million radios iii. NBC and CBS provided coverage across the country v. Popular Heroes 1. Jack Dempsey 2. Gertrude Ederle 3. Jim Thorpe 4. “The King” Babe Ruth C. Gender Roles, Family, and Education i. Women at Home 1. Women expected to spend time at home ii. Women in the Labor Force 1. Employed Women Usually worked in Cities iii. Revolution in Morals 1. Youth began to change views on “Late-Night” activities and saw it as a modern thing 2. Began to dress differently as well iv. Education 1. By end of 1920’s, number of high school grads increased to over 25 percent D. Religion i. Modernism 1. Social Gospel Movement ii. Fundamentalism 1. Creationism iii. Revivalists on the Radio E. Literature of Alienation F. Art G. Harlem Renaissance i. By 1930, nearly 20 % blacks lived in the North ii. Harlem became a city known for its actors, artists, musicians and writers 1. Langston Hughes (writer) 2. Louis Armstrong (Jazz musician) iii. Marcus Garvey brought the UNIA from Jamaica 1. Advocated individual and racial pride 2. Developed political ideas of nationalism

4. Cultures in Conflict A. Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial i. A debate between Fundamentalists and Modernists 1. TN made it illegal to teach Darwinism which led to huge problem ii. The Trial 1. Scopes was represented by Clarence Darrow B. Prohibition i. Defying the Law 1. It became fashionable to deny the law and go to clubs and bars ii. Political Discord and repeal C. Nativism i. After WW ended, immigration shot up, imposing fear and anger in some ii. Quota Laws 1. Severly limited immigration iii. Case of Sacco and Vanzetti 1. Both accused of robbery 2. Immigrants rallied around the two claiming the were innocent 3. They were executed after 6 years of appeals and debates D. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) i. Tactics 1. Burn Crosses and punished victims with tar, feathers, whips and hangman’s nooses ii. Decline 1. Created to uphold Christian standards 2. Reports revealed the KKK were rife and the leader, David Stephenson was convicted of murder

5. Foreign Policy A. Disarmament and Peace i. Washington Conference (1921) 1. Five-Power Treaty 2. Four-Power Treaty 3. Nine-Power Treaty ii. Kellogg-Briand Pact B. Business an Diplomacy i. Latin America ii. Middle East iii. Tariffs C. War Debs ad Reparations i. Dawes Plan ii. Legacy science