Chapter+26+Outlin+P2+(RB+Chapter+16)

RB: Chapter 16: The Last West and the New South, 1865-1900

i. Problems and solutions: extreme hot/cold weather, grasshopper plagues, no water so had windmills to dig deep, no wood so had barbed wire fences. Many stopped farming, some planted Russian wheat ii. Turner’s frontier thesis: west settled all in 1889. frontier show individualism and independence, broke down class, practical-minded, wasteful i. Reservation policy: W. of Miss. to be Indian land, ended up land was assigned to tribes and restricted the Indians to those lands ii. Indian wars: American settlers fought w/ NA. NA constantly pressured to get off the land they were on iii. Assimilationists: NA kids went to Christian boarding schools to be “Americanized” iv. Dawes Severalty Act (1887): split tribes into families, many NA died of disease and poverty v. Ghost Dance movement: NA culture to dance to get dead ancestors to come back to fight off white settlers vi. Aftermath: U.S. policy in the 20th century: Indian Reorganization Act (1934) - NA reorganize tribes and cultures i. Discrimination and the Supreme Court: in //Civil Rights Cases// 1883 said gov. could not min. discrimination in private places. //Plessy v.// //Ferguson// separate but equal for RR//. Jim Crow laws// states separate public places for whites and blacks ii. Loss of civil rights: voting went down for blacks because of new laws, not serve as juries, harder penalties, no jobs given iii. Responding to segregation: some blacks left south, movements against laws, Booker T. Washington taught blacks trades i. Falling prices: price of goods dropped so had bigger debts ii. Rising costs: everything but crops raise price, farmers had harder time to pay. Taxes also raised i. National Grange Movement: 1870’s social and educate farmers and their families. Supported by middlemen. ii. Interstate Commerce Act (1886): states cannot control trade, the act regulated rates (for farmers), helped RR more then farmers iii. Farmers’ alliances: crop prices really low, alliances helped keep up w/ times to help farmers w/ equipment iv. Ocala platform: national alliance that supported: 1. direct election of US senators 2. lower tariffs 3. graduated income tax 4. new banking system regulated by fed. gov. Want raise inflation so raise crop prices. These grange and alliances part of Populist movement which change 1892 & 1896 elections.
 * 1) The West Settlement of the Last Frontier: west was bad for farming but had many buffalo. Buffalo were wiped out thought by 1900.
 * 2) The Mining Frontier: gold discovered in 1848, gold rush in 1849. Mining boom caused for NV, ID, and MT to enter Union. Towns flourished but when gold/silver run out turn to ghost town. Start Asian immigration.
 * 3) The Cattle Frontier: cattle roamed in TX, later RR shipped cattle. Cowboys (Mexican + blacks) paid badly, bad grass/blizzard/drought (1885-86) ended cattle herding
 * 4) The Farming Frontier: Homestead Act-given 160 acres if farm for 5 yrs
 * 1) The Removal of Native Americans: NA lived many diff ways + across US
 * 1) The New South: S. want more industrialization so can be independent
 * 2) Economic Progress: steel, cotton, tobacco, lumber all help econ. the S. TT also helped S. catch up to the N.
 * 3) Continued Poverty: S. didn’t get as much pay as N., poverty due to lat in industrialization, poorly educated
 * 4) Agriculture: Cotton expanded, but some farmers lost land. G. Washington Carver say grow peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans. Farming was still poor
 * 5) Segregation: after Reconstruction, S. could do what they want w/ blacks
 * 1) Farm Problems: North, South, and West: farmers faces problems
 * 2) Changes in Agriculture: small farms replaces by large farms
 * 1) Fighting Back